Question 1

Hydrogen bonds give water which of the following properties?
A) the ability to resist temperature changes
B) the ability to dissolve lipids
C) low pH
D) the ability to freeze into ice, which is denser than liquid water
E) high pH

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonds make water a highly effective heat buffer, allowing it to absorb or release heat with minimal temperature change. This property is crucial for maintaining stable temperatures in environments and organisms.

Question 2

are composed of amino acids.
A) Bases
B) Proteins
C) Nucleic acids
D) Lipids
E) Carbohydrates

Accepted Answer

Proteins are composed of long chains of amino acids. Bases are components of nucleic acids, lipids are composed of fatty acids and glycerol, and carbohydrates are composed of monosaccharides.

Question 3

Why are both ends of each water molecule positive and the middle negative?
A) Protons are more attracted to oxygen than they are to hydrogen.
B) Protons are more attracted to hydrogen than they are to oxygen.
C) Electrons are more attracted to hydrogen than they are to oxygen.
D) Electrons are more attracted to oxygen than they are to hydrogen.
E) Hydrogen bonds create a charge difference.

Accepted Answer

Electrons are more attracted to oxygen than they are to hydrogen in a water molecule, making the oxygen end partially negative and the hydrogen ends partially positive due to the uneven distribution of electron density. This is a result of oxygen being more electronegative than hydrogen.

Question 4

We use to catalyze the chemical reactions of digestion.
A) alcohol molecules
B) polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
C) nucleic acids
D) isotopes
E) enzymes

Accepted Answer

Enzymes are specialized proteins that act as catalysts to speed up the chemical reactions of digestion. They are essential for breaking down complex molecules into smaller, more manageable components that can be absorbed and utilized by the body. Alcohol molecules, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, nucleic acids, and isotopes do not play a direct role in catalyzing the chemical reactions of digestion.

Question 5

Earthquakes result from _.
A) surges of magma from the earth's core
B) global climate change
C) release of gases from the underlying mantle
D) separation of layers within sedimentary rock
E) energy released from movement at plate boundaries and faults

Accepted Answer

Earthquakes are a result of the energy released from movement at plate boundaries and faults. When the tectonic plates move or shift, they create vibrations that travel through the Earth's crust and cause seismic waves, resulting in an earthquake. This movement can be caused by different types of plate boundaries such as convergent, divergent, or transform, and can also be related to volcanic or seismic activity. None of the other choices are directly related to the cause of earthquakes.

Question 6

are the main water -insoluble components of cell membranes.
A) Acids
B) Nucleic acids
C) Phospholipids
D) Proteins
E) Carbohydrates

Accepted Answer

Phospholipids are the main water-insoluble components of cell membranes, forming a bilayer that acts as a barrier between the cell and its environment. Acids and nucleic acids are water-soluble molecules, while proteins and carbohydrates are also present in cell membranes but are not the main water-insoluble components.

Question 7

During photosynthesis within plants, .
A) sugars and carbon dioxide are produced
B) carbon dioxide and oxygen are produced
C) water and carbon dioxide are consumed
D) the high -quality energy from sugar is converted to heat and light
E) oxygen and carbon dioxide are consumed

Accepted Answer

During photosynthesis, plants consume water and carbon dioxide and convert them into glucose (a type of sugar) and oxygen.

Question 8

An atom has 2 electrons, 3 protons, and 3 neutrons. What is the atom's mass number?
A) 3
B) 5
C) 6
D) 8
E) Cannot be determined from the information given

Accepted Answer

The mass number of an atom is the sum of its protons and neutrons, which in this case is 3 protons + 3 neutrons = 6.

Question 9

Plastics are _ _.
A) unstable and break down easily
B) moldable, petroleum -based hydrocarbons
C) naturally occurring macromolecules
D) synthetic proteins
E) assembled by enzymes in cells

Accepted Answer

Plastics are typically made from petroleum-based hydrocarbons, which can be molded into different shapes and forms. They are not naturally occurring macromolecules, synthetic proteins, or assembled by enzymes in cells. While some plastics can break down, others are relatively stable and resistant to degradation.

Question 10

Which of the following describes mass wasting?
A) the destruction of sedimentary rock by earthquakes
B) deterioration of an atom because of radioactivity
C) blockage of sunlight by volcanic ash
D) flood damage resulting from a tsunami
E) downslope movement of soil and rock due to gravity

Accepted Answer

Mass wasting refers to the downslope movement of soil and rock due to the force of gravity. Option A describes rock destruction by earthquakes, option B describes atomic deterioration due to radioactivity, option C refers to volcanic ash blocking sunlight, and option D refers to flood damage caused by a tsunami, which is not necessarily related to mass wasting. Therefore, option E is the best choice for describing mass wasting.

Question 11

What is the type of rock formed when magma or lava cools?
A) geothermal
B) igneous
C) lithospheric
D) metamorphic
E) sedimentary

Accepted Answer

The type of rock formed when magma or lava cools is called igneous rock.

Question 12

River water stored behind a dam is best described as a form of .
A) chemical energy
B) kinetic energy
C) thermodynamics
D) potential energy
E) entropy

Accepted Answer

River water stored behind a dam has the potential to do work when released, making it a form of potential energy.

Question 13

An atom has 2 electrons, 3 protons, and 3 neutrons. What is the atom's charge?
A) -1
B) +8
C) -2
D) +1
E) +3

Accepted Answer

The atom's charge is determined by the difference between the number of protons and electrons. Since it has 3 protons and 2 electrons, it has one more proton than electron, giving it a charge of +1.

Question 14

Reddish hair in children is often a sign of malnourishment in developing nations such as Haiti. What biomolecule is needed for hair growth and is probably lacking in the diets of these children?
A) proteins
B) DNA
C) carbohydrates
D) lipids
E) nucleic acids

Accepted Answer

Proteins are necessary for hair growth and malnourishment in developing nations often leads to a lack of protein in the diet.

Question 15

Undersea earthquakes and volcanic eruptions may produce _.
A) tsunamis
B) lahars
C) hurricanes
D) pyroclastic flow
E) mudslides

Accepted Answer

Undersea earthquakes and volcanic eruptions can generate tsunamis, which are large and destructive sea waves that can cause significant damage to coastal areas.

Question 16

Which of the following reactions represents cellular respiration?
A) sugar + oxygen -water + carbon dioxide + energy
B) nitrogen + oxygen + sugar -methane + carbon dioxide
C) water + carbon dioxide -sugar + oxygen + water + energy
D) water + carbon dioxide + energy -sugar + oxygen + water
E) sugar + carbon dioxide + energy -water + oxygen

Accepted Answer

Cellular respiration is the process in which glucose (a sugar) is broken down in the presence of oxygen to produce water, carbon dioxide, and energy. This reaction matches the equation given in choice A.

Question 17

Cellular respiration _.
A) results in a net consumption of energy
B) represents a decrease in entropy
C) requires the green pigment chlorophyll
D) releases carbon dioxide and water
E) involves a net consumption of water

Accepted Answer

Cellular respiration is a process in which the cells release energy by breaking down glucose and other food molecules in the presence of oxygen. This process releases carbon dioxide and water as waste products. Hence, option D is the correct choice. Option A is incorrect as cellular respiration results in a net production of energy. Option B is incorrect as cellular respiration represents an increase in entropy. Option C is incorrect as chlorophyll is required for photosynthesis, not cellular respiration. Option E is incorrect as water is consumed and produced in equal amounts during cellular respiration.

Question 18

Which of the following describes a property of pure water?
A) changes temperature rapidly
B) molecules are noncohesive
C) can hold many molecules in solution
D) acidic pH
E) more dense as a solid

Accepted Answer

Pure water can hold many molecules in solution, which is why it is often called the "universal solvent." This property is due to the polarity of water molecules, which allows them to dissolve a wide range of substances.

Question 19

is defined as the number of protons plus the number of neutrons.
A) Isotopic number
B) Atomic number
C) Ionic number
D) Mass number
E) Nuclear number

Accepted Answer

The mass number is defined as the sum of the number of protons and neutrons in an atom's nucleus.

Question 20

What compound is the primary structural constituent of plant tissue, forming the cell walls of stems, leaves, and roots?
A) starch
B) chlorophyll
C) cellulose
D) protein
E) enzymes

Accepted Answer

Cellulose is the primary structural constituent of plant tissue, forming the cell walls of stems, leaves, and roots. Starch is a carbohydrate that serves as a storage molecule in plants, chlorophyll is a green pigment that is involved in photosynthesis, protein is a macromolecule that serves as a building block for various cellular structures and enzymes are proteins that act as catalysts in biochemical reactions.

Quiz 2: Environmental Systems: Matter, Energy, and Ecosystems

Hydrogen bonds give water which of the following properties?

are composed of amino acids.

Why are both ends of each water molecule positive and the middle negative?

We use to catalyze the chemical reactions of digestion.

Earthquakes result from _.

are the main water -insoluble components of cell membranes.

During photosynthesis within plants, .

An atom has 2 electrons, 3 protons, and 3 neutrons. What is the atom's mass number?

Plastics are _ _.

Which of the following describes mass wasting?

What is the type of rock formed when magma or lava cools?

River water stored behind a dam is best described as a form of .

An atom has 2 electrons, 3 protons, and 3 neutrons. What is the atom's charge?

Reddish hair in children is often a sign of malnourishment in developing nations such as Haiti. What biomolecule is needed for hair growth and is probably lacking in the diets of these children?

Undersea earthquakes and volcanic eruptions may produce _.

Which of the following reactions represents cellular respiration?

Cellular respiration _.

Which of the following describes a property of pure water?

is defined as the number of protons plus the number of neutrons.

What compound is the primary structural constituent of plant tissue, forming the cell walls of stems, leaves, and roots?