Question 1

The relative population of people in each age group within a society is known as

Accepted Answer

Age structure refers to the distribution of populations across different age groups, typically represented in a population pyramid, which helps in understanding the demographic characteristics of a society.

Question 2

According to the text, the increased income gap between the rich and the poor in this country means that the middle class is

Accepted Answer

The increased income gap between the rich and the poor suggests that the middle class is shrinking or becoming more vulnerable to falling into poverty, rather than growing or benefiting from the situation.

Question 3

The textbook discusses the role of religious milestones in which of the following areas?

Accepted Answer

D

Question 4

What might contribute to someone being seen as having "no family?"

Accepted Answer

Mass incarceration can lead to individuals being separated from their families, contributing to the perception that they have "no family."

Question 5

One research finding that remains consistent is that college-educated people are

Accepted Answer

Research indicates that college-educated individuals are more likely to stay married, and one contributing factor is that both partners, including the wife, often work, which can lead to greater financial stability and shared responsibilities.

Question 6

Until the 1980s, most parents believed that __________ should be kept secret.

Accepted Answer

Until the 1980s, adoption was often viewed as a subject to be kept secret, both from the adopted child and from society at large. This was due to various societal stigmas and beliefs about family, heritage, and identity. Over time, attitudes have shifted towards more openness and honesty about adoption.

Question 7

The increase in longevity of the old and the need to support them after retirement is a result of

Accepted Answer

The increase in longevity and the need to support the elderly after retirement are primarily results of demographic transition, a process that involves changes in a population's birth and death rates, leading to an aging population and longer life expectancies.

Question 8

Historically, the best predictor of a child's future social class was

Accepted Answer

The social class of a child's parents has historically been the best predictor of a child's future social class. This is due to the transmission of resources, opportunities, and social capital from parents to children, which significantly influences the child's future economic and social position.

Question 9

On average, people now marry in their

Accepted Answer

On average, people now tend to marry in their late 20s, reflecting changes in societal norms, career priorities, and personal choices.

Question 10

Differences in people's experiences or characteristics can best be described as

Accepted Answer

Social diversity refers to the variety of experiences and characteristics found among people, such as cultural, ethnic, racial, sexual, and gender differences.

Question 11

One reason immigrants tend to have higher fertility rates than native-born Americans is

Accepted Answer

Cultural beliefs in their countries of origin often emphasize larger families, which can lead to higher fertility rates among immigrants compared to native-born Americans.

Question 12

The relative increase in society's investment in each child is a result of

Accepted Answer

The demographic transition, which involves changes in birth and death rates leading to slower population growth, often results in societies investing more resources per child. This is because as families have fewer children, more resources can be allocated to each child's health, education, and overall well-being.

Question 13

Married mothers are more likely to report __________ than single mothers.

Accepted Answer

Married mothers often have more responsibilities and commitments, leading them to feel more rushed compared to single mothers.

Question 14

Currently, the best predictor of a child's future social class is

Accepted Answer

The social class of a child's parents is currently the best predictor of a child's future social class, as it influences the child's access to resources, education, and social networks, all of which play significant roles in determining future social class.

Question 15

Windsor v. United States overturned the federal laws against same-sex marriage based on

Accepted Answer

Windsor v. United States was a landmark case that focused on civil rights, specifically challenging the Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA) as a violation of the Fifth Amendment's guarantee of equal protection under the law for same-sex couples.

Question 16

The facts that women are more likely to be employed than in the past and that people are living longer, healthier lives will help our society meet the challenges created by

Accepted Answer

The demographic transition model explains how changes in fertility and mortality rates affect population growth and age structure over time. As women enter the workforce and contribute economically, combined with longer, healthier lives for the general population, societies can better adapt to the shifts in age distribution and support ratios that come with demographic transition.

Question 17

Compared to other highly developed countries, the United States currently has

Accepted Answer

The United States has lower levels of social mobility compared to other highly developed countries. Studies and data have consistently shown that the U.S. has significant barriers to social mobility, including economic inequality, educational disparities, and healthcare access issues, making it harder for individuals to move up the social ladder.

Question 18

Among those with less education, which of the following trends is true?

Accepted Answer

Individuals with less education are generally less likely to get married, and if they do marry, they have a higher likelihood of divorcing compared to their more educated counterparts. This trend is supported by various sociological studies that link educational attainment with marital stability and likelihood.

Question 19

When comparing low- and high-income families, we find

Accepted Answer

Statistical data and sociological research often show that low-income families tend to have more children compared to high-income families. This can be attributed to various factors including access to education, family planning resources, and cultural or societal norms.

Question 20

In addition to the increasing age at first marriage, there is a(n)

Accepted Answer

The increasing age at first marriage often correlates with a broader age range at which people are getting married for the first time, reflecting changes in societal norms, career priorities, and personal choices.

Quiz 13: The Future of the Family