Question 1

Rawls would argue that it is unjust to give some people more opportunity than others.

Accepted Answer

Rawls' theory of justice, particularly the principle of fair equality of opportunity, posits that it is unjust to provide some individuals with more opportunities than others based on arbitrary factors such as birth or wealth.

Question 2

An indication of discrimination exists when a disproportionate number of a certain group's members hold less desirable positions despite their preferences and abilities.

Accepted Answer

This situation suggests that members of a certain group are not being given equal opportunities based on their preferences and abilities, which is a key indicator of discrimination.

Question 3

Discrimination in employment involves three basic elements: it must be a decision not based on individual merit, the decision must derive from racial or sexual prejudice, and the decision must have a harmful impact on the interest of employees.

Accepted Answer

Discrimination in employment typically involves decisions that are not based on individual merit, are influenced by prejudice, and result in negative consequences for the affected employees.

Question 4

Affirmative action programs call for positive steps designed to eliminate the effects of past discrimination. Such programs are now legally required of all firms holding government contracts.

Accepted Answer

Affirmative action programs are indeed designed to eliminate the effects of past discrimination, and firms holding government contracts are often required to implement such programs to ensure compliance with federal laws and regulations aimed at promoting equal opportunity.

Question 5

Argument (s) against affirmative action plans is that criteria besides sex and race must be weighed when making job decision because. Which of the following are used?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Argument (s) against affirmative action plans is...

Question 6

The needs of minorities are not different from those of women.

Accepted Answer

The needs of minorities can be different from those of women, as each group may face unique challenges and discrimination based on their specific identities. Intersectionality recognizes that people can belong to multiple marginalized groups simultaneously, each with its own set of needs.

Question 7

Misiolek made only sex-based insults, not both sex and race-based insults.

Accepted Answer

Misiolek was accused of making both sex and race-based insults, not just sex-based insults.

Question 8

Since the jobs women have historically taken pay low wages and salaries, proponents of ______programs attempt not to place women into higher paying jobs, but to increase the salaries of those jobs where women currently are employed.

Accepted Answer

The correct term is "Comparable Worth," which refers to the idea of equal pay for work of equal value, aiming to address wage disparities between jobs traditionally held by women and those held by men, even if the jobs are different. This approach seeks to ensure that jobs predominantly occupied by women are paid fairly in comparison to those predominantly occupied by men, based on the value of the work performed.

Question 9

"It might be true that society as a whole would benefit by having some group discriminated against" is a/an argument for discrimination.

Accepted Answer

This statement aligns with Utilitarian principles, which focus on the greatest good for the greatest number. Utilitarianism might argue that if discriminating against a small group results in a larger benefit for society as a whole, it could be justified, despite being ethically controversial.

Question 10

Widely recognized categories of discriminatory practices include:

Accepted Answer

All the options (A, B, and C) describe widely recognized categories of discriminatory practices in the workplace, including biased recruitment, irrelevant screening qualifications, and unfair promotion practices.

Question 11

Kant would argue that humans should be treated as ends in themselves and never as a means to an end. Therefore, discrimination is wrong because it violates people's rights to be treated as equals.

Accepted Answer

Kant's moral philosophy, particularly the principle of treating humanity as an end in itself and never merely as a means to an end, supports the idea that discrimination is wrong because it fails to respect individuals' inherent dignity and equality.

Question 12

In a class action law suit, Wal-Mart was charged by seven women that women were paid 5-15% less than men in holding similar positions.

Accepted Answer

The class action lawsuit against Wal-Mart, known as Dukes v. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., was indeed initiated by several women who claimed that Wal-Mart discriminated against female employees in matters of pay and promotions, alleging that women were paid less than men for similar positions and work.

Question 13

Types of comparisons to provide evidence of discrimination are:

Accepted Answer

All the options (A, B, and C) are valid types of comparisons to provide evidence of discrimination. They each offer a different perspective on how discrimination might manifest within an institution, whether through disparities in benefits, representation in lower levels, or presence in advantageous positions.

Question 14

Discriminatory acts themselves can be categorized according to the extent to which they are intentional and institutionalized. An act may be part of the isolated behavior of a single individual who intentionally discriminates based on personal prejudice; be part of the routine, institutionalized behavior of a group; and which intentionally discriminates out of personal prejudice.

Accepted Answer

Discriminatory acts can indeed be categorized based on their intentionality and whether they are institutionalized, ranging from individual acts of prejudice to systemic, institutionalized behaviors.

Question 15

Arguments against discrimination are:

Accepted Answer

Arguments against discrimination often include utilitarian, rights, and justice arguments. These perspectives focus on the consequences of discrimination, the violation of individual rights, and the inherent injustice of treating people unfairly based on irrelevant characteristics.

Quiz 7: Ethics and Employees