Question 1

The condition known as seasonal affective disorder SAD) may be caused by
A) increased levels of melanocyte- stimulating hormone.
B) increased levels of melanin.
C) increased levels of melatonin.
D) increased levels of gonadotrophins.
E) both B and D

Accepted Answer

Seasonal affective disorder (SAD) is often linked to increased levels of melatonin, a hormone that regulates sleep-wake cycles and is affected by light exposure. During shorter daylight periods in winter, melatonin production can increase, contributing to symptoms of SAD.

Question 2

Which of the following is a known effect of thyroid hormone on peripheral tissues?
A) increased sensitivity to adrenergic stimulation
B) increased heart rate
C) increased body temperature
D) increased oxygen consumption
E) all of the above

Accepted Answer

Thyroid hormones increase metabolic rate, leading to increased oxygen consumption, body temperature, heart rate, and sensitivity to adrenergic stimulation.

Question 3

The most complex endocrine responses involve the
A) suprarenal glands.
B) pancreas.
C) thyroid gland.
D) thymus gland.
E) hypothalamus.

Accepted Answer

The hypothalamus is responsible for integrating and coordinating complex endocrine responses by regulating the pituitary gland and releasing hormones that affect various body functions.

Question 4

Calcium ions serve as messengers, often in combination with the intracellular protein
A) calmodulin.
B) calcium- binding globulin.
C) calcitropin.
D) calcitriol.
E) calcitonin.

Accepted Answer

Calcium ions often bind to calmodulin, a protein that acts as a calcium sensor and mediator in various cellular processes.

Question 5

Each of the following hormones is an amino acid derivative, except A) thyroid hormone. B) norepinephrine. C) melatonin. D) epinephrine. E) thyroid- stimulating hormone.

Accepted Answer

Thyroid-stimulating hormone is a glycoprotein hormone, not an amino acid derivative.

Question 6

When blood glucose levels fall,
A) glucagon is released.
B) insulin is released.
C) peripheral cells take up more glucose.
D) protein synthesis increases.
E) both B and D

Accepted Answer

When blood glucose levels fall, the hormone glucagon is released to increase blood glucose levels by promoting the release of glucose from the liver.

Question 7

After a steroid hormone binds to its receptor to form an active complex,
A) cyclic nucleotides are formed.
B) protein kinases are activated.
C) adenyl cyclase is activated.
D) gene transcription is initiated.
E) G proteins are phosphylated.

Accepted Answer

Steroid hormones typically pass through the cell membrane and bind to intracellular receptors. The hormone-receptor complex then acts as a transcription factor, directly influencing gene transcription in the nucleus.

Question 8

If the adenyl cyclase activity of liver cells were missing, which of these hormones could no longer stimulate release of glucose?
A) insulin
B) thyroxine
C) epinephrine
D) leptin
E) cortisol

Accepted Answer

Adenyl cyclase is involved in the signaling pathway of epinephrine, which stimulates the conversion of glycogen to glucose in liver cells. Without adenyl cyclase, this pathway would be disrupted.

Question 9

If a diabetic patient received too much insulin, the low blood sugar could be corrected by injecting
A) thyroid hormone.
B) antidiuretic hormone.
C) aldosterone.
D) GHIH.
E) glucagon.

Accepted Answer

Glucagon is a hormone that raises blood sugar levels by promoting the release of glucose from the liver, counteracting the effects of excess insulin.

Question 10

Proper growth requires which of these hormones?
A) insulin
B) thyroid hormone
C) growth hormone
D) calcitriol
E) all of the above

Accepted Answer

All of these hormones play a role in proper growth: insulin regulates glucose and energy, thyroid hormone influences metabolism and development, growth hormone directly stimulates growth, and calcitriol (vitamin D) is important for bone health.

Question 11

Melatonin is produced by the
A) skin.
B) pineal gland.
C) thymus.
D) kidneys.
E) heart.

Accepted Answer

Melatonin is produced by the pineal gland, which is a small endocrine gland located in the brain.

Question 12

Alpha cells are to _____as beta cells are to______ .
A) glucagon; somatostatin
B) glucagon; insulin
C) insulin; glucagon
D) somatostatin; insulin
E) pancreatic polypeptide; insulin

Accepted Answer

Alpha cells produce glucagon, while beta cells produce insulin in the pancreas.

Question 13

After brain surgery, a patient receiving postoperative care in an intensive care unit began to pass large volumes of very dilute urine. The ICU nurse administered a medicine that mimics one of the following hormones. Which one?
A) cortisol
B) ADH
C) aldosterone
D) epinephrine
E) renin

Accepted Answer

The patient is likely experiencing diabetes insipidus, a condition characterized by the excretion of large volumes of dilute urine due to a deficiency of antidiuretic hormone (ADH). Administering a medicine that mimics ADH helps to concentrate the urine and reduce urine output.

Question 14

Hormonal actions on cells include those that affect
A) gating of ion channels.
B) quantities of enzymes.
C) synthesis of enzymes.
D) activities of enzymes.
E) any of the above

Accepted Answer

Hormones can influence cells by altering ion channel gating, modifying enzyme quantities, promoting enzyme synthesis, and changing enzyme activities.

Question 15

The pituitary hormone that triggers the release of thyroid hormone from the thyroid gland is
A) TSH.
B) ACTH.
C) GH.
D) LH.
E) FSH.

Accepted Answer

TSH (Thyroid Stimulating Hormone) is the pituitary hormone responsible for stimulating the thyroid gland to release thyroid hormones.

Question 16

Cushing disease results from an excess of
A) glucocorticoids.
B) ADH.
C) epinephrine.
D) parathyroid hormone.
E) growth hormone.

Accepted Answer

Cushing disease is caused by an excess of glucocorticoids, specifically cortisol, due to an ACTH-secreting pituitary adenoma.

Question 17

Hormones known as "catecholamines" are
A) lipids.
B) steroids.
C) peptides.
D) derivatives of the amino acid tyrosine.
E) derivatives of reproductive glands.

Accepted Answer

Catecholamines, such as adrenaline and noradrenaline, are derived from the amino acid tyrosine.

Question 18

The pituitary hormone that controls the release of glucocorticoids from the suprarenal cortex is
A) FSH.
B) ACTH.
C) LH.
D) TSH.
E) GH.

Accepted Answer

ACTH (Adrenocorticotropic hormone) is the pituitary hormone responsible for stimulating the adrenal cortex to release glucocorticoids.

Question 19

All of the following are true of the nervous system, except that it doesn't A) respond specifically to stimuli. B) communicate by the release of neurotransmitters. C) function independently of the endocrine system. D) respond rapidly to stimuli. E) respond with motor output.

Accepted Answer

The nervous system does not function independently of the endocrine system; they often work together to regulate body functions.

Question 20

TSH plays a key role in the _____of thyroid hormones.
A) inhibition
B) synthesis
C) release
D) both A and B
E) both B and C

Accepted Answer

TSH (Thyroid Stimulating Hormone) stimulates both the synthesis and release of thyroid hormones from the thyroid gland.

Quiz 16: The Endocrine System

The condition known as seasonal affective disorder SAD) may be caused by

Which of the following is a known effect of thyroid hormone on peripheral tissues?

The most complex endocrine responses involve the

Calcium ions serve as messengers, often in combination with the intracellular protein

Each of the following hormones is an amino acid derivative, except

When blood glucose levels fall,

After a steroid hormone binds to its receptor to form an active complex,

If the adenyl cyclase activity of liver cells were missing, which of these hormones could no longer stimulate release of glucose?

If a diabetic patient received too much insulin, the low blood sugar could be corrected by injecting

Proper growth requires which of these hormones?

Melatonin is produced by the

Alpha cells are to _as beta cells are to__ .

After brain surgery, a patient receiving postoperative care in an intensive care unit began to pass large volumes of very dilute urine. The ICU nurse administered a medicine that mimics one of the following hormones. Which one?

Hormonal actions on cells include those that affect

The pituitary hormone that triggers the release of thyroid hormone from the thyroid gland is

Cushing disease results from an excess of

Hormones known as "catecholamines" are

The pituitary hormone that controls the release of glucocorticoids from the suprarenal cortex is

All of the following are true of the nervous system, except that it doesn't

TSH plays a key role in the _____of thyroid hormones.