Question 1

The second Club of Rome report, made by Meadows, Meadows, and Randers in 1992, used computer simulations of population growth and resource use. Their findings led them to conclude that the following had to be implemented within 20 years if an ecologically sustainable world throughout the 21^st century were to be possible:

Accepted Answer

The second Club of Rome report by Meadows, Meadows, and Randers emphasized a comprehensive approach to achieving an ecologically sustainable world, which included pollution controls, the adoption of more resource-efficient technology, and population control measures, among other strategies. This holistic perspective is why all the options listed (A, B, C, D) are considered necessary components of their recommendations.

Question 2

Sociocultural globalization involves the emergence of a "world polity" of unified nation- states.

Accepted Answer

Sociocultural globalization refers to the spread of ideas, values, norms, and cultural practices across borders, leading to increased interactions and influences among different cultures, rather than the emergence of a unified "world polity" of nation-states.

Question 3

Sanderson and Alderson argue that:

Accepted Answer

Sanderson and Alderson suggest that globalization is not an unstoppable force and could potentially reverse, indicating that its continuation is not guaranteed.

Question 4

Bjorn Lomborg was originally a Greenpeace activist who began his research to refute the optimistic account of the environment written by Julian Simon.

Accepted Answer

Bjorn Lomborg was not originally a Greenpeace activist. He began his research to challenge the pessimistic environmental views but ended up being skeptical of the prevailing catastrophic narratives, not to refute an optimistic account by Julian Simon.

Question 5

The recent study of ecological sustainability by Bjorn Lomborg predicts that:

Accepted Answer

Bjorn Lomborg is known for his more optimistic views on environmental issues, often arguing that the situation is not as dire as some predict, including the rate of deforestation.

Question 6

Some indicators of globalization include decreasing rates of economic trade, less concern with national sovereignty, and a reduced interest in cultural variety.

Accepted Answer

Indicators of globalization typically include increasing rates of economic trade, a diminished emphasis on national sovereignty due to interconnectedness, and a heightened interest in cultural variety as cultures interact more frequently.

Question 7

All scholars view globalization as a unidimensional process and focus primarily on single dimensions of globalization, such as the world-capitalist economy.

Accepted Answer

Scholars view globalization as a multidimensional process, encompassing various dimensions such as economic, cultural, political, and technological aspects, rather than focusing solely on a single dimension like the world-capitalist economy.

Question 8

World-system theorists argue that globalization is not something entirely new; there have been earlier periods of trade globalization prior to the modern period.

Accepted Answer

World-system theorists, such as Immanuel Wallerstein, argue that the current phase of globalization is part of a long-term process of expanding world-systems, which includes earlier periods of significant trade and economic integration across different regions, dating back to at least the 16th century.

Question 9

The growth of international nongovernmental organizations INGO's) is an indication of increasing political globalization.

Accepted Answer

The growth of international nongovernmental organizations (INGOs) reflects increasing political globalization as these organizations operate across national borders, influencing policies, and fostering international cooperation on global issues.

Question 10

Students of globalization such as Castells argue that the costs of non-participation in the new global economy are growing larger and larger for underdeveloped countries and that they have little choice but to attempt to participate in it.

Accepted Answer

Manuel Castells, a prominent sociologist, has argued that in the era of globalization, the gap between participating and non-participating countries in the global economy widens, making it increasingly detrimental for underdeveloped countries to remain outside of global economic networks. Participation is seen as essential for development and catching up with the rest of the world.

Question 11

There is a great deal of disagreement as to whether globalization is a beneficial or harmfulprocess.

Accepted Answer

Globalization is a complex and multifaceted process that has both supporters and critics. Proponents argue it promotes economic growth, cultural exchange, and technological advancement, while opponents highlight issues such as economic inequality, cultural homogenization, and environmental degradation.

Question 12

Sanderson and Alderson conclude that globalization has done more harm than good for the world's people.

Accepted Answer

Sanderson and Alderson's conclusion on globalization's impact varies depending on the context and specific arguments they make in their works. However, it's not accurate to broadly state they conclude globalization has done more harm than good without specifying which works or arguments this conclusion is drawn from, as their research may cover various aspects of globalization with both positive and negative outcomes.

Question 13

The crossing of national boundaries by such cultural icons as fast food restaurants, movies, and music is a sure indicator of sociocultural globalization.

Accepted Answer

The spread of cultural icons like fast food restaurants, movies, and music across national boundaries is a manifestation of sociocultural globalization, as it reflects the integration and interaction of different cultures and societies around the world.

Question 14

The 1999 Human Development Report reported that in 1960 the ratio of the world's richest income quintile to the world's poorest quintile was 30:1 and that by 1990 it had increased to 600:1 and by 1997 to 7,400:1.

Accepted Answer

The 1999 Human Development Report did highlight growing income disparities, but the specific ratios mentioned (30:1 for 1960, 600:1 for 1990, and 7,400:1 for 1997) are not accurate. The report actually stated that the ratio of the income of the top 20% to the bottom 20% of the world's population increased from 30:1 in 1960 to 60:1 in 1990, and further to 74:1 by 1997, not the exaggerated figures provided.

Question 15

Glenn Firebaugh argues that the Human Development Report estimates of changes in world inequality are misleading because they do not use a proper measure of world income inequality. For Firebaugh, a proper measure is a Purchasing Power Parity PPP) measure.

Accepted Answer

Glenn Firebaugh criticizes the Human Development Report's estimates of world inequality for not using Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) measures, which he argues provide a more accurate representation of world income inequality by accounting for differences in cost of living across countries.

Question 16

Which of the following does Lomborg argue concerning global warming?

Accepted Answer

Lomborg argues that global warming is a real issue but suggests it may not be as catastrophic as some pessimists claim, advocating for a more measured approach to addressing it.

Question 17

Lomborg argues that the most logical response to global warming is to:

Accepted Answer

Lomborg suggests that a moderate reduction in emissions, coupled with the use of advancing technology, is the most logical way to address the consequences of climate change. This approach balances the need for action with the potential for future technological solutions.

Question 18

Globalization is a process whereby there is a growing "consciousness of the world as a whole."

Accepted Answer

Globalization involves the increasing interaction and integration of people, companies, and governments worldwide, leading to a heightened awareness and understanding of the world as an interconnected entity.

Question 19

A major indicator of economic globalization is the increasing flow of people across international borders.

Accepted Answer

A major indicator of economic globalization is indeed the increasing flow of people across international borders, as it reflects the interconnectedness of labor markets, the mobility of human capital, and the broader integration of economies worldwide.

Question 20

The original Club of Rome report on the environment issued in 1972:

Accepted Answer

The 1972 Club of Rome report, "The Limits to Growth," warned of potential ecological disaster within 20 years if significant changes in population growth and resource consumption were not implemented.

Quiz 10: Globalization