Question 1

Determinism means the same thing as
A)fatalism.
B)destiny.
C)universal causation.
D)chance.

Accepted Answer

Determinism is the philosophical concept that all events, including moral choices, are completely determined by previously existing causes. It is closely related to the idea of universal causation, which states that everything has a cause. Fatalism, destiny, and chance are different concepts that do not equate to the philosophical understanding of determinism.

Question 2

If there are external causes for everything you do you are a
A)hard determinist.
B)soft determinist.
C)indeterminist.
D)fatalist.

Accepted Answer

Hard determinism is the philosophical position that every event or action is the result of preceding events and actions together with the laws of nature, implying that individual freedom or choice is an illusion because external causes predetermine all actions.

Question 3

Determinism can be understood to mean that there is no uncaused event.

Accepted Answer

Determinism posits that every event or state of affairs, including every human decision and action, is the consequence of preceding events in accordance with the natural laws. This implies that there are no uncaused events; every event has a cause.

Question 4

Indeterminism is the belief that
A)some things are caused.
B)all things are caused.
C)nothing is caused.
D)nothing is caused except human actions.

Accepted Answer

Indeterminism is the belief that not all events are determined by previously existing causes, suggesting that some things are indeed caused, while others might not be, allowing for the possibility of free will or randomness.

Question 5

Who, according to the author of the text, is the most prominent exponent of indeterminism?
A)William James
B)Henry Ford
C)Sigmund Freud
D)Karl Marx

Accepted Answer

William James is widely recognized as the most prominent exponent of indeterminism, advocating for the concept that human beings have free will and that our decisions are not predetermined by a series of causal events.

Question 6

The great exponent of physical determinism was
A)John Calvin.
B)Sir Isaac Newton.
C)Charles Darwin.
D)George Hegel.

Accepted Answer

Sir Isaac Newton is considered a great exponent of physical determinism due to his laws of motion and universal gravitation, which laid the foundation for classical mechanics. These laws describe a predictable, deterministic universe where every action has a reaction, and every cause has an effect, thus influencing the concept of physical determinism.

Question 7

According to the author of the text, one problem with hard determinists is their inaccurate use of language.

Accepted Answer

Hard determinists often use language that inaccurately suggests free will is entirely illusory, which can misrepresent the nuances of their argument.

Question 8

Fatalism is the view that although things are fixed and predetermined your behavior still makes a difference.

Accepted Answer

Fatalism is the belief that all events are predetermined and therefore inevitable, implying that human actions cannot change the course of events or their outcomes.

Question 9

The great exponent of economic and social determinism was
A)Adam Smith.
B)Karl Marx.
C)John Hospers.
D)William James.

Accepted Answer

Karl Marx is widely recognized as a key figure in the development of economic and social determinism, emphasizing the role of economic structures in shaping societal conditions and historical developments.

Question 10

Soft determinism is the only acceptable theory because it shows that freedom is impossible.

Accepted Answer

Soft determinism, also known as compatibilism, argues that free will and determinism are compatible concepts, suggesting that people can have freedom even if their actions are determined by prior events.

Question 11

Who said that consciousness is "intentional"?
A)Sigmund Freud
B)Ivan Pavlov
C)Fred Flintstone
D)Edmund Husserl

Accepted Answer

Edmund Husserl is known for the concept that consciousness is "intentional," meaning it is always about something, a fundamental idea in phenomenology.

Question 12

Religious determinism is the idea that our lives are predestined.

Accepted Answer

Religious determinism is the belief that all events, including human actions, are ultimately determined by causes external to the will, often associated with a divine power. This implies that our lives and choices are predestined according to the will or plan of a higher power.

Question 13

Who would argue that even if you are crippled or blind how you choose to respond to that is freedom?
A)B.F.Skinner
B)Jean-Paul Sartre
C)Paul Churchland
D)Isaac Newton

Accepted Answer

Jean-Paul Sartre, a prominent existentialist philosopher, argued that individuals have the freedom to choose their attitudes and responses to their situations, regardless of physical limitations or circumstances. This aligns with his views on existential freedom and responsibility.

Question 14

Hard determinism maintains that if all events are caused there is no freedom.

Accepted Answer

Hard determinism argues that because all events, including human actions, are determined by preceding events and natural laws, there is no room for free will or moral responsibility.

Question 15

Ivan Pavlov is famous for his experiments with human beings, getting them to salivate at the sound of a bell.

Accepted Answer

Ivan Pavlov is famous for his experiments on classical conditioning with dogs, not human beings, where he got them to salivate at the sound of a bell by associating it with food.

Question 16

Soft determinism is the view that all events are caused but there is human freedom.

Accepted Answer

Soft determinism, also known as compatibilism, holds that while all events, including human actions, are caused or determined by preceding events and natural laws, human freedom and moral responsibility are still meaningful concepts because freedom is understood as the ability to act according to one's desires and motivations, without external constraints.

Question 17

All events are caused but some are caused by human beings is the doctrine of
A)hard determinism.
B)soft determinism.
C)soft indeterminism.
D)hard indeterminism.

Accepted Answer

Soft determinism is the doctrine that all events are caused, but some are caused by human beings, allowing for free will within a deterministic framework.

Question 18

B.F.Skinner based his behavioral theories on the groundbreaking work of Heisenberg.

Accepted Answer

B.F. Skinner based his behavioral theories primarily on the work of Ivan Pavlov and John B. Watson, focusing on operant conditioning rather than on Heisenberg's work, which is related to quantum mechanics.

Question 19

Who argued that humans are physical beings conditioned by their social, cultural, and natural environments?
A)Karl Marx
B)Sigmund Freud
C)B.F.Skinner
D)Henri Bergson

Accepted Answer

The answer of Who argued that humans are physical beings...

Question 20

Indeterminism is the idea that some events, especially regarding human decision making, are uncaused.If some human decisions are uncaused then nobody is responsible for them.

Accepted Answer

Indeterminism suggests that some events, including human decisions, lack a causal origin, implying that individuals cannot be held accountable for actions that are not caused by them.

Quiz 6: Freedom Versus Determinism

Determinism means the same thing as

If there are external causes for everything you do you are a

Determinism can be understood to mean that there is no uncaused event.

Indeterminism is the belief that

Who, according to the author of the text, is the most prominent exponent of indeterminism?

The great exponent of physical determinism was

According to the author of the text, one problem with hard determinists is their inaccurate use of language.

Fatalism is the view that although things are fixed and predetermined your behavior still makes a difference.

The great exponent of economic and social determinism was

Soft determinism is the only acceptable theory because it shows that freedom is impossible.

Who said that consciousness is "intentional"?

Religious determinism is the idea that our lives are predestined.

Who would argue that even if you are crippled or blind how you choose to respond to that is freedom?

Hard determinism maintains that if all events are caused there is no freedom.

Ivan Pavlov is famous for his experiments with human beings, getting them to salivate at the sound of a bell.

Soft determinism is the view that all events are caused but there is human freedom.

All events are caused but some are caused by human beings is the doctrine of

B.F.Skinner based his behavioral theories on the groundbreaking work of Heisenberg.

Who argued that humans are physical beings conditioned by their social, cultural, and natural environments?

Indeterminism is the idea that some events, especially regarding human decision making, are uncaused.If some human decisions are uncaused then nobody is responsible for them.