Leadership substitutes are individual, task, and organizational characteristics that tend to outweigh the leader's ability to affect subordinates' satisfaction and performance.

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Leadership substitutes are factors that make a leader's influence less important in achieving subordinates' satisfaction and performance. These substitutes could include individual characteristics of subordinates, the type of task being performed, or characteristics of the organization itself. When leadership substitutes are present, a leader's ability to affect subordinates' satisfaction and performance is diminished.

Leadership Substitutes Are Individual, Task, and Organizational Characteristics That Tend