Question 1

Which of the following foods is likely to be well received by a cancer client with mouth ulcerations?

Accepted Answer

Pasteurized eggnog is likely to be well received by a cancer client with mouth ulcerations because it is smooth, high in protein, and served cold, which can soothe mouth ulcers. Hot, acidic, or textured foods like those in the other options can irritate mouth ulcers.

Question 2

In addition to cooking beef or pork in a microwave oven, using which of the following would be effective in minimizing metallic tastes.

Accepted Answer

Glass utensils do not react with food, hence they help in minimizing metallic tastes when cooking in a microwave oven. Other options like pressure cookers, tabletop broilers, and woks are not specifically designed for microwave use and do not address the issue of metallic tastes in the context provided.

Question 3

Commercially prepared enteral solutions are preferred to homemade feeding for cancer patients because:

Accepted Answer

The commercially prepared solutions are less subject to contamination than a homemade feeding.

Question 4

Red and processed meat intake are related to increased risk of which types of cancer?

Accepted Answer

Red and processed meat intake has been linked to an increased risk of colon and prostate cancers due to compounds formed during processing and cooking at high temperatures.

Question 5

A client has received radiation treatments to the abdomen and now suffers from diarrhea. Which of the following diet modifications is likely to help the client?

Accepted Answer

Radiation to the abdomen can damage the lining of the intestines, leading to lactose intolerance. A lactose-free diet can help reduce diarrhea by avoiding lactose, which the damaged intestines may not be able to digest properly.

Question 6

Which of the following food items act as lubricants for the person with swallowing difficulty?

Accepted Answer

Butter, cheese sauce, and gravy are smooth and can help lubricate food, making it easier to swallow for individuals with swallowing difficulties.

Question 7

Wasting of the body seen in some chronic diseases such as AIDS, cancer, malaria, and tuberculosis is called:

Accepted Answer

Cachexia is a complex syndrome associated with the wasting of the body's muscle and fat tissue that occurs in patients with diseases like AIDS, cancer, malaria, and tuberculosis. It is characterized by weight loss, muscle atrophy, fatigue, weakness, and significant loss of appetite.

Question 8

Regarding the connection between methods of cooking meat and the risk of cancer, which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

C) Genetic differences among individuals affect how their bodies process and activate carcinogens, including those that may form during the cooking of meat. This variability can influence an individual's cancer risk related to exposure to carcinogens.

Question 9

The term for cancer of the epithelial tissue, such as the lining of the gastrointestinal tract, is:

Accepted Answer

Carcinoma is the term used to describe cancer that begins in the epithelial tissue, which includes the lining of internal organs such as the gastrointestinal tract.

Question 10

Which of the following nursing interventions help cancer clients with anorexia maintain nutritional intake?

Accepted Answer

Varying supplement flavors helps prevent taste fatigue, which can contribute to anorexia.

Question 11

A client with cancer has painful lesions in his or her mouth. Which of the following snack items is most likely to be well tolerated?

Accepted Answer

Chocolate milk is likely to be well tolerated because it is smooth, cool, and soothing, which can help minimize discomfort from mouth lesions, unlike acidic, spicy, or hard foods that can irritate mouth sores.

Question 12

Megestrol is a drug given to cancer clients because it acts as which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Megestrol is primarily used as an appetite stimulant in cancer patients to help them gain weight and improve their nutritional status.

Question 13

Some evidence suggests which of the following vegetables are specifically protective against cancer?

Accepted Answer

Brussels sprouts and broccoli are part of the cruciferous vegetable family, which has been extensively studied for its cancer-protective properties. These vegetables contain compounds such as glucosinolates, which have been shown to have anti-cancer effects.

Question 14

To maximize food intake when a cancer client suffers from nausea and vomiting, the nurse should:

Accepted Answer

Administering antiemetic and analgesic drugs as needed can help control nausea and vomiting, making it easier for the client to eat and retain food.

Question 15

A client with cancer suffers from early satiety. Which of the following interventions is recommended to increase his or her food intake?

Accepted Answer

Offering six small meals can help manage early satiety by allowing the client to consume smaller amounts of food more frequently, which can be easier to manage and may increase overall food intake.

Question 16

The wasting that occurs in some cancer clients is attributed to:

Accepted Answer

Alteration in the body's metabolism produced by the tumor is the primary cause of wasting in cancer clients.

Question 17

Which of the following items is suggested as an additive for a client with a poor appetite to increase the nutritional value of regular foods?

Accepted Answer

Dry skim milk is often suggested as an additive to increase the nutritional value of foods because it is high in protein and calcium without adding significant calories or fat.

Question 18

Obesity is most clearly linked to which of the following cancers?

Accepted Answer

Obesity is most clearly linked to an increased risk of postmenopausal breast cancer, among other cancers. This association is thought to be due to the increased levels of estrogen produced by fat tissue after menopause.

Question 19

Which vitamin is thought to protect against cancer development because of its role in cell differentiation of epithelial tissue.

Accepted Answer

Vitamin A is known for its role in the maintenance and repair of epithelial tissue, and it is thought to protect against cancer development through its involvement in cell differentiation and growth regulation.

Question 20

The first step in the evolution of a normal cell to a cancer cell in which a gene is altered by some force or agent is which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Initiation is the first step in the evolution of a normal cell to a cancer cell, where a gene is altered by some force or agent, such as chemicals, radiation, or viruses. This alteration can lead to uncontrolled cell growth if not repaired.

Quiz 21: Diet and Cancer