The Position of Japan in Today's Global Stratification System Would

The position of Japan in today's global stratification system would not have been expected based on the theories of imperialism and colonization, or world system theory. This illustrates that:

A) Japan was not included in the theorists' studies.
B) theories are exercises in futility.
C) these theories are proved false.
D) each theory yields only a partial explanation.
E) theories are useless in explaining human events.