Question 1

According to George Herbert Mead, we acquire a sense of self:

Accepted Answer

George Herbert Mead proposed that we acquire a sense of self when we learn to take the role of the other. This means understanding how others might perceive us, which is crucial for developing self-awareness and empathy.

Question 2

Jane has just met Henry. She perceives that Henry finds her witty and has decided that Henry likes witty women. This favourable interpretation gives Jane a positive feeling about herself. This is an example of________ .

Accepted Answer

This scenario is an example of the "looking-glass self," a concept in sociology that suggests a person's self-concept is influenced by their perceptions of how others view them. Jane's positive feeling about herself is based on her perception of Henry's view of her, illustrating this concept.

Question 3

Bourdieu's concept of ___________describes how men and women develop a set of skills and a way of looking at the world that, instead of challenging, actually reflects the social hierarchies that they inhabit.

Accepted Answer

Bourdieu's concept of habitus refers to the deeply ingrained habits, skills, and dispositions that individuals develop, including those related to gender, which reflect and perpetuate existing social structures and hierarchies rather than challenging them.

Question 4

Studies of isolated and institutionalized children point out the importance of________ in acquiring the basic "human" traits we take for granted.

Accepted Answer

Studies of isolated and institutionalized children have shown that intimate early human contact is crucial for acquiring basic "human" traits, such as emotional development, social skills, and language. Lack of such contact can lead to severe developmental delays and emotional issues.

Question 5

Tom's father and mother are important influences on Tom's life. Mead would use the term_________ to refer to Tom's mother and father.

Accepted Answer

Mead uses the term "significant others" to refer to individuals who have a significant impact on an individual's life, such as parents, close friends, and teachers. These are people who play a crucial role in the development of the self.

Question 6

_________is the belief that the way we act reflects in-built biological traits such as the need to reproduce and the need to survive.

Accepted Answer

Biological determinism is the concept that suggests our behaviors, preferences, and even social and economic statuses are predetermined by our biological makeup, including genetic factors. This belief posits that innate biological traits, such as survival and reproductive instincts, significantly influence how we act and interact with our environment.

Question 7

According to Charles Horton Cooley, we develop _________when we interact with others.

Accepted Answer

Charles Horton Cooley introduced the concept of the "looking-glass self," which posits that we develop a concept of self based on how we believe others perceive us. This occurs through social interaction, where we imagine how we appear to others, imagine their judgment of that appearance, and develop our self through the feelings associated with those judgments.

Question 8

A metaphor Mead used to illustrate the idea of the "generalized other" was:

Accepted Answer

Mead used the game of baseball as a metaphor to illustrate the idea of the "generalized other." This concept involves understanding and taking into account the attitudes, viewpoints, and expectations of the society as a whole in one's behavior. Baseball, as a game with established rules and roles, requires players to anticipate and understand the perspectives of other players, embodying the idea of the generalized other.

Question 9

________is the process by which we learn the beliefs, values, and emotions of our particular society.

Accepted Answer

Socialization is the process through which individuals learn the norms, values, behaviors, and social skills appropriate to their society.

Question 10

Harriet is 2 1/2 years old. Her mother is dusting the living room furniture. Harriet picks up a towel and starts to dust the coffee table. According to Mead's theory, she is in the _________stage.

Accepted Answer

According to Mead's theory, the imitation stage is when children mimic the actions of others without understanding the underlying intentions. Harriet is imitating her mother's actions by dusting the coffee table.

Question 11

_______allows for interplay between the environment (and other factors) and the expression of genetic information.a. Biology

Accepted Answer

The answer of _______allows for interplay between the environment (and...

Question 12

_________argued that gender socialization takes place through often unconscious and symbolic learning.

Accepted Answer

The answer of _________argued that gender socialization takes place through...

Question 13

Juanita is 4 years old. She loves dressing up in her mother's clothes and pretends to go shopping with her friend. She talks to her friends about her life as a mother with a little girl. According to Mead's theory, Juanita is in the stage.

Accepted Answer

Juanita is in the "play" stage according to Mead's theory. In this stage, children begin to take on the roles of significant others in their lives, such as parents, through play. This allows them to explore different perspectives and develop a sense of self.

Question 14

Unless children__________ , they will not develop into social adults.

Accepted Answer

Children need to be surrounded by people who care for them to develop into social adults, as socialization is crucial for their emotional and social development.

Question 15

This person suggested that to become human beings we must interact with one another, and this interaction is premised on a shared set of symbols (typically, language).

Accepted Answer

The answer of This person suggested that to become human...

Question 16

The __________refers to the norms, values, attitudes, and expectations of "the group as a whole."

Accepted Answer

The term "generalized other" refers to the internalized sense of the total expectations of others in a variety of settings—regardless of whether we've encountered those people or places before. This concept is crucial in the development of an individual's self-identity and in understanding the societal norms and values.

Question 17

Erving Goffman coined this term to refer to a place where people are cut off from the rest of society and come under almost total control of those who run the place.

Accepted Answer

Erving Goffman introduced the term "total institution" to describe places where individuals are isolated from the broader society and live under strict control and regulation by the administrative staff. These include prisons, military boot camps, psychiatric hospitals, and convents.

Question 18

_________believed that personality is composed of three elements: the id, ego, and superego.

Accepted Answer

Sigmund Freud proposed the structural model of the psyche, which includes the id, ego, and superego, as part of his psychoanalytic theory of personality.

Question 19

________is the term Charles Horton Cooley coined to describe the process by which we develop a sense of self.

Accepted Answer

The term "looking-glass self" was coined by Charles Horton Cooley to describe the process by which individuals form their sense of self through the perceptions of how others view them.

Question 20

Many sociologists would disagree with Freud because:

Accepted Answer

Freud's theories, particularly his emphasis on inborn instincts such as those related to sexuality and aggression, have been criticized by many sociologists for underestimating the role of social and environmental factors in human development. Sociologists tend to focus on how social interactions and structures influence behavior and personality, rather than innate biological instincts.

Quiz 4: Socialization