Question 1

Which lipid dietary component appears to be most likely to cause an increase in serum cholesterol and the development of atherosclerosis?

Accepted Answer

Saturated and trans fats are most closely associated with an increase in serum cholesterol and the development of atherosclerosis. These fats can raise LDL (bad) cholesterol levels in the blood, contributing to the buildup of fatty deposits within arteries.

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT good advice in attempts to reduce SERUM cholesterol?

Accepted Answer

Butter is high in saturated fats, which can raise serum cholesterol levels. Soft tub, non-trans fatty acid margarines are often recommended as a healthier alternative because they contain unsaturated fats, which can help lower cholesterol levels.

Question 3

Which of the following is most conducive to the development of atherosclerosis?

Accepted Answer

A high level of low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, such as 170 milligrams, is most conducive to the development of atherosclerosis. LDL cholesterol is often referred to as "bad" cholesterol because it can lead to the buildup of plaque in the arteries, increasing the risk of heart disease and stroke.

Question 4

What is the AMDR for daily total fat intake, as a percentage of daily calories?

Accepted Answer

The Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR) for total fat intake is 20-35% of daily calories. This range is recommended to provide adequate energy and nutrients while minimizing the risk of chronic diseases.

Question 5

Fats may be a significant source of energy during exercise of low intensity and long duration. What is the main form of fats that are used for energy production during low-intensity exercise?

Accepted Answer

Free fatty acids from the adipose cells and muscle cells are the main form of fats used for energy production during low-intensity exercise. These fatty acids are mobilized into the bloodstream and taken up by muscles to be oxidized for energy.

Question 6

Which of the following does not contain cholesterol?

Accepted Answer

Cholesterol is found in animal products. Beans are plant-based and do not contain cholesterol, unlike milk, beef, white fish, and chicken, which are all animal products.

Question 7

Which of the following statements relative to cholesterol is false?

Accepted Answer

Cholesterol is a necessary component in the body, used in cell membranes, hormone production, and other vital functions. The body does produce most of the cholesterol it needs, but dietary cholesterol, in moderation, can be part of a healthy diet. Complete elimination is not required for all healthy diets.

Question 8

Which of the following statements relative to fats is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

Saturated fats are known to raise blood cholesterol levels, not lower them. This is contrary to what is stated in option E, making it the false statement among the options provided.

Question 9

Which lipoprotein is theorized to transport cholesterol from the periphery to the liver for excretion (reverse cholesterol transport)?

Accepted Answer

HDL (High-Density Lipoprotein) is theorized to transport cholesterol from the periphery to the liver for excretion, a process known as reverse cholesterol transport.

Question 10

Which of the following substances has been advertised for endurance athletes because, theoretically, it would enhance the oxidation of free fatty acids by facilitating their transfer into the mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

Carnitine plays a crucial role in the transport of long-chain fatty acids across the inner mitochondrial membrane, facilitating their oxidation for energy production, which is why it has been advertised for endurance athletes.

Question 11

Triglycerides are released from the adipose cells as:

Accepted Answer

Triglycerides stored in adipose cells are broken down into glycerol and free fatty acids upon release, a process known as lipolysis.

Question 12

Which compound is not found in plant foods?

Accepted Answer

Cholesterol is not found in plant foods; it is a sterol synthesized by animal cells and is therefore found in animal products. Plants have phytosterols, which are similar to cholesterol but not the same compound.

Question 13

Which food exchange has the greatest percentage of its calories derived from fat?

Accepted Answer

Lean meat has the greatest percentage of its calories derived from fat compared to the other options. Skim milk, starch/bread, vegetables, and fruits generally have lower fat content and derive a larger percentage of their calories from proteins or carbohydrates.

Question 14

An increase in which lipoprotein is theorized to be a major contributing factor to the development of atherosclerosis?

Accepted Answer

LDL (Low-Density Lipoprotein) is often referred to as "bad" cholesterol because high levels can lead to the buildup of plaque in your arteries, contributing to atherosclerosis. HDL (High-Density Lipoprotein), in contrast, is considered "good" cholesterol as it helps remove other forms of cholesterol from your bloodstream.

Question 15

The recommended dietary goals for healthy Americans suggest that cholesterol intake be reduced to less than___________ mg per day?

Accepted Answer

The recommended dietary goals for healthy Americans suggest that cholesterol intake be reduced to less than 300 mg per day to help reduce the risk of heart disease.

Question 16

Which of the following foods are rich in omega-3 fatty acids, particularly EPA and DHA?

Accepted Answer

Fish, especially fatty fish like salmon, mackerel, and sardines, are rich sources of EPA and DHA forms of omega-3 fatty acids.

Question 17

In which of the following athletic events would fat assume a more important role as an energy source for the muscles?

Accepted Answer

During prolonged, endurance-based activities, such as a 10 mile swim that takes 4.5 hours, the body increasingly relies on fat as a primary energy source. This is because glycogen stores deplete over time, making fat an important fuel for sustained energy in long-duration events.

Question 18

Dietary fat helps the body absorb the fat-soluble vitamins, which include all of the following EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

Vitamin C is water-soluble, not fat-soluble. Vitamins A, K, D, and E are fat-soluble and require dietary fat for their absorption.

Question 19

Which of the following foods is likely to contain the least amount of saturated fats?

Accepted Answer

Olive oil is known for being high in monounsaturated fats and contains very low levels of saturated fats compared to the other options listed, which are either animal-based fats or processed fats known to contain higher levels of saturated fats.

Question 20

Which essential fatty acids are needed in the diet? (Hint: An AI has been set for both.)

Accepted Answer

Linoleic acid (an omega-6 fatty acid) and alpha-linolenic acid (an omega-3 fatty acid) are essential fatty acids that must be obtained from the diet because the human body cannot synthesize them.

Quiz 5: Fat: an Important Energy Source During Exercise