Question 1

According to Kobasa's hardiness components, the strongest active ingredient in buffering stress, at least for women, is _.

Accepted Answer

Control is considered the strongest component of hardiness in buffering stress, particularly for women, as it involves the belief in one's ability to influence events and outcomes.

Question 2

According to psychologists, the personal conviction that we can perform the behaviours necessary to produce a desired action is called:

Accepted Answer

Self-efficacy is the personal conviction that we can perform the behaviours necessary to produce a desired action.

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a part of mindfulness?

Accepted Answer

Mindfulness involves being aware of the present moment without judgment, not blocking out the environment.

Question 4

Optimistic people experience all of the following benefits EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

Optimists having larger social support networks is not a direct benefit of optimism itself, but rather a potential outcome influenced by various factors, including personality and social skills. The other options are more directly linked to the psychological and health benefits of being optimistic.

Question 5

Tamika is about to compete in a triathlon. Though such a competition would likely inspire fear and nervousness in most people, Tamika is feeling good about the race because she believes that she has the skills to successfully complete it. Bandura would most likely say that Tamika has high:

Accepted Answer

Bandura's concept of self-efficacy refers to an individual's belief in their ability to succeed in specific situations or accomplish a task, which aligns with Tamika's belief in her skills to complete the triathlon.

Question 6

Beliefs regarding challenge, commitment, and control were specifically mentioned as being central to the psychological construct of:

Accepted Answer

Hardiness is a psychological construct that includes beliefs related to challenge, commitment, and control, which help individuals cope with stress.

Question 7

While personal factors like self-efficacy, good intellect, and self-esteem can make some children resistant to the impact of stressful events, a common factor for all such children is:

Accepted Answer

Consistent emotional support from at least one person is a common factor that helps children build resilience against stressful events, providing them with a stable and supportive relationship.

Question 8

Of the three factors that comprise the hardiness personality construct, research suggests that the one that appears to be the strongest in terms of protecting people from the negative effects of stress is the construct of .

Accepted Answer

Research indicates that the "control" component of the hardiness personality construct is the most influential in protecting individuals from the negative effects of stress, as it involves the belief in one's ability to influence events and outcomes.

Question 9

Research findings of a 30-year longitudinal study by Werner have shown that a key factor that makes some children extremely resistant to the effects of stress is:

Accepted Answer

The study by Werner found that social support is a crucial factor in helping children become resilient to stress, as it provides emotional and practical assistance that can buffer against adverse effects.

Question 10

Most of her friends feel that Jane is a very happy person. She encounters her difficulties like everyone else, but she tends to maintain a positive outlook on the future and herself, even though she doesn't think that her coping skills are exceptional or that she deals very well with challenges. Psychologists who study stress would assume that Jane would possess a protective factor with regard to the detrimental effects of stress and score high on a measure of __ .

Accepted Answer

Jane's positive outlook on the future and herself suggests she scores high on optimism, which is a protective factor against stress.

Question 11

Which of the following provides the best description of the Type B personality?

Accepted Answer

Type B personality is characterized by being relaxed, agreeable, and experiencing minimal time pressure, in contrast to Type A, which is more competitive and time-urgent.

Question 12

Research exploring the effectiveness of mindfulness training on the stresses of teaching found that the training was effective in:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Research exploring the effectiveness of mindfulness training...

Question 13

Someone who attempts to directly deal with and change the demands of stress-inducing situations is involved in the process of _.

Accepted Answer

Problem-focused coping involves taking steps to directly deal with and change the demands of stress-inducing situations.

Question 14

Stephen had a fear of public speaking. Before and during every public presentation he had to make he broke out in a cold sweat, his heart raced, and he continuously cleared his throat. One day he found himself giving an impromptu demonstration for his employees. He realized he was speaking in a public format and none of his usual symptoms were present. His problem decreased over time as this success increased his _.

Accepted Answer

Stephen's problem decreased over time as his success increased his self-efficacy, which is the belief in one's ability to succeed in specific situations.

Question 15

By definition, people who have positive views of the future and expect that things will work out well in the long run tend to possess:

Accepted Answer

Optimism is the tendency to have positive views of the future and expect that things will work out well in the long run.

Question 16

Research suggests that the Type A personality may be a risk factor to _.

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that Type A personality, characterized by traits such as competitiveness, urgency, and hostility, is associated with an increased risk of coronary heart disease.

Question 17

Which of the Big Five personality traits appears to have the strongest relation to physical health and longevity?

Accepted Answer

Conscientiousness is consistently linked to better physical health and longevity due to behaviors like better self-care, adherence to medical advice, and healthier lifestyle choices.

Question 18

Research on the influence of physical contact on fear responses in wives when they knew they might receive a shock found that having their hand held:

Accepted Answer

Holding hands generally reduced fear responses, but the effect was stronger when the hand-holder was the husband, indicating the importance of emotional connection.

Question 19

The three beliefs associated with the stress protective factor called hardiness are:

Accepted Answer

Hardiness is characterized by the three beliefs of commitment, challenge, and control, which help individuals cope with stress.

Question 20

Research on the influence of physical contact on fear responses in wives when they knew they might receive a shock found that physical contact reduced the fear response by acting on which area of the brain?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Research on the influence of physical contact...

Quiz 15: Stress, Coping, and Health