Question 1

Social comparison can have the most negative impact on helping behaviour at which stage in the helping process?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Social comparison can have the most negative...

Question 2

Having low self-efficacy during which of the following stages of the bystander intervention process could inhibit helping behaviour?

Accepted Answer

Low self-efficacy affects the "knowing how to help" stage because it involves confidence in one's ability to effectively intervene.

Question 3

The negative-state relief model is most relevant to which of the following?

Accepted Answer

The negative-state relief model suggests that people help others to alleviate their own negative emotions, making it most relevant to altruism.

Question 4

The factor of perceived responsibility is most closely associated with which of the following?

Accepted Answer

The just world hypothesis is associated with perceived responsibility, as it involves the belief that people get what they deserve, leading to perceptions of responsibility for one's own circumstances.

Question 5

Carl Word and his colleagues found that White university students who were assumed to already hold prejudiced attitudes sat further away, conducted briefer interviews, and made more speech errors when interviewing black students. Which of the following constructs most readily explains the results from this study?

Accepted Answer

The study's results can be explained by self-fulfilling prophecies, where the interviewers' prejudiced expectations influenced their behavior, leading to outcomes that confirmed their initial biases.

Question 6

All of the following were mentioned as factors that increase the likelihood of a bystander helping EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

Personal distress can actually decrease the likelihood of helping because it may cause the bystander to focus on their own discomfort rather than the needs of the person in distress.

Question 7

A woman with negative attitudes towards Asians usually relates to Asian individuals in such a way that they alter their behaviour and ultimately confirm to the woman's initial beliefs. This example best demonstrates how stereotypes can be perpetuated by:

Accepted Answer

This scenario illustrates a self-fulfilling prophecy, where the woman's negative attitudes cause her to behave in a way that elicits behavior from Asians that confirms her stereotypes.

Question 8

A psychologist is discussing altruism and claims that the ability to put ourselves in the place of another and to share what that person is feeling is essential for altruism to occur. This explanation is most consistent with which of the following?

Accepted Answer

The empathy-altruism hypothesis suggests that altruistic behavior is motivated by the ability to empathize with others, sharing and understanding their feelings.

Question 9

In a busy shopping mall, Leslie and others notice that an elderly person has fallen and is clearly in distress. In deciding whether to intervene, Leslie looks around to see how other people are responding. The behaviour in which Leslie is engaging is known as:

Accepted Answer

Leslie is engaging in social comparison, which involves looking to others to determine how to behave in a situation.

Question 10

Sally is walking down the street when she comes upon a man who appears to be having a seizure. Approximately 15 other people stop as well and all appear genuinely concerned about the man's health and well-being. However, nobody calls for help because, like Sally, they all assume that someone else has already made a call to the paramedics. In this instance, the lack of help appears to be the product of:

Accepted Answer

Diffusion of responsibility occurs when individuals in a group setting assume someone else will take action, leading to a lack of intervention.

Question 11

The belief that prejudice is created by people's need to feel good about themselves is proposed by _.

Accepted Answer

Social identity theory suggests that people derive part of their self-esteem from their group memberships, leading them to favor their own group over others to enhance their self-image.

Question 12

Prejudicial attitudes create fear and self-consciousness among stereotyped group members that they will confirm other people's negative attitudes. This is considered ________.

Accepted Answer

Stereotype threat refers to the anxiety and concern individuals feel when they are at risk of confirming negative stereotypes about their social group, which can impact their performance and behavior.

Question 13

Realistic conflict theory originally assumed that prejudice was primarily caused by an actual threat to one's personal welfare, but research indicates that it is more strongly triggered by _.

Accepted Answer

Research indicates that prejudice is more strongly triggered by a perceived threat to one's in-group, as people tend to favor their own group over others, leading to intergroup conflict and prejudice.

Question 14

Diffusion of responsibility is most likely to inhibit helping behaviour in which stage of bystander intervention?

Accepted Answer

Diffusion of responsibility occurs when individuals in a group setting feel less personal responsibility to take action, which is most relevant in the stage of assuming responsibility for helping.

Question 15

Bystanders are most likely to help individuals who are:

Accepted Answer

Bystanders are more likely to help individuals they perceive as similar to themselves, as similarity can increase empathy and a sense of connection.

Question 16

The norm of social responsibility, which asserts that people should help others and contribute to the welfare of society, was mentioned as one of the social learning/cultural factors that may or may not contribute to _.

Accepted Answer

The norm of social responsibility is directly related to altruism, as it involves helping others and contributing to societal welfare.

Question 17

The principal has just told Mrs. Snyder, a kindergarten teacher, that a new little girl will be joining her kindergarten class. The little girl is African-American and Mrs. Snyder believes that African-American children are not as bright as European-American children. Consequently, when speaking to the little girl, Mrs. Snyder speaks slower and tends not to explain answers to the little girls questions in as much detail as she does to other children. In fact, the little girl is very bright but in responding to Mrs. Snyder in the way Mrs. Snyder expects, the little girl's grades begin to slip downward. The little girl appears to have entered into a _.

Accepted Answer

Mrs. Snyder's low expectations and differential treatment based on her stereotype lead to the little girl's declining performance, illustrating a self-fulfilling prophecy where the girl's behavior aligns with the teacher's biased expectations.

Question 18

Which of the following is one of the two primary ways that the bystander effect can inhibit people from helping others?

Accepted Answer

Diffusion of responsibility is a primary factor in the bystander effect, where individuals are less likely to take action when others are present, assuming someone else will intervene.

Question 19

The assumption that life is fair and that people get what they deserve and also deserve what they get is the _.

Accepted Answer

The just world hypothesis is the belief that people get what they deserve and deserve what they get, implying a fair and just world.

Question 20

A psychologist who is discussing the causes of racism and prejudice argues that these negative beliefs are caused primarily by people's needs to enhance their self-esteem and to feel good about themselves. This psychologist's explanation is most consistent with:

Accepted Answer

Social identity theory suggests that individuals derive part of their self-esteem from the groups to which they belong, leading them to favor their own group over others to enhance their self-esteem.

Quiz 13: Behaviour in a Social Context