Juan (a six-year old) is not able to solve a conservation problem on his own. But when his teacher explains the solution to him, he understands and can solve these problems. According to Vygotsky, the teacher was able to move Juan forward due to

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The zone of proximal development (ZPD) is a concept developed by Vygotsky, which refers to the difference between what a learner can do without help and what they can achieve with guidance and encouragement from a skilled partner. The teacher's explanation helped Juan solve the problem, indicating that the task was within his ZPD.

Juan (A Six-Year Old) Is Not Able to Solve a Conservation