Question 1

The standards for emotional expression within a particular culture are called:

Accepted Answer

Display rules are the standards for emotional expression within a particular culture. They dictate how emotions should be expressed, both verbally and nonverbally.

Question 2

Research using the Facial Action Coding System to determine the specific facial expressions that typically accompany various emotions has determined that:

Accepted Answer

Different parts of the face provide the best cues for recognizing different emotional expressions, as each emotion may be expressed through distinct facial features.

Question 3

Emotional states are based on one's behavioural response to an eliciting stimulus according to the theory of emotion.

Accepted Answer

The James-Lange theory of emotion suggests that emotions are the result of physiological reactions to events. According to this theory, an external stimulus leads to a physiological response, and the emotional experience is the result of the perception of this physiological change.

Question 4

Researcher Ekman developed this method as a way to study fundamental patterns of human emotional expression.

Accepted Answer

The Facial Action Coding System (FACS) was developed by Paul Ekman to study and categorize human facial expressions, which are fundamental to understanding human emotional expression.

Question 5

Pearl is in love with Edward. When her little sister asks her how she knows it is true love she is feeling, Pearl replies that the reaction of her body tells her it is love. Pearl's explanation supports the theory of emotion.

Accepted Answer

The James-Lange theory of emotion suggests that emotions occur as a result of physiological reactions to events. Pearl's explanation that her body's reaction tells her it is love aligns with this theory.

Question 6

Monica has had a very emotionally draining day, but she really isn't sure what she is feeling. After taking a quiet moment to herself, she starts to cry, and after observing this behaviour, she decides that she must be sad. This example of emotional recognition is most consistent with the:

Accepted Answer

The James-Lange theory of emotion suggests that emotions occur as a result of physiological reactions to events. Monica observes her crying (a physiological response) and concludes she must be sad, aligning with this theory.

Question 7

In Canada, someone who sticks her thumb up is likely trying to hitchhike or is telling someone that everything is ok. However, in Greece, this same gesture is considered obscene. This difference best demonstrates how culturally based norms called ________ can influence emotional expressions.

Accepted Answer

Display rules are culturally specific norms that dictate how, when, and to whom people can express emotions, which explains the differing interpretations of the thumb gesture in Canada and Greece.

Question 8

Evolutionary theorists suggest what about emotional expressions?

Accepted Answer

Evolutionary theorists propose that while some emotional expressions are innate, they can be modified or influenced by social learning and cultural factors.

Question 9

Usually, to achieve maximum performance the optimal level of arousal decreases as task complexity _.

Accepted Answer

As task complexity increases, the optimal level of arousal for maximum performance typically decreases, according to the Yerkes-Dodson Law.

Question 10

According to the inverted U relationship between arousal and performance, performance will be best on a moderately difficult task if there is a moderate level of arousal. If the task is easy and not very complex, it is likely that the optimal level of arousal for this second task will be _.

Accepted Answer

For easy tasks, the optimal level of arousal is typically higher because such tasks require less cognitive effort, and higher arousal can enhance performance by increasing alertness and energy.

Question 11

The two principles that were used to fully explain the relationship between arousal and performance were:

Accepted Answer

The inverted U hypothesis and task complexity are principles that explain how arousal affects performance, suggesting that there is an optimal level of arousal for peak performance, which varies with the complexity of the task.

Question 12

The concept of fundamental emotional patterns comes from which theoretical perspective?

Accepted Answer

The concept of fundamental emotional patterns is rooted in the evolutionary perspective, which suggests that emotions have evolved to serve adaptive functions for survival and reproduction.

Question 13

A number of modern emotion theorists assert that emotional expressions:

Accepted Answer

Modern emotion theorists often argue that emotional expressions are influenced by both biological factors and cultural display rules, suggesting an interaction between innate biological responses and learned cultural norms.

Question 14

What does research indicate about gender differences in identifying emotional expressions?

Accepted Answer

Research generally indicates that women are more accurate than men at reading emotions, often attributed to social and cultural learning where women traditionally engage in roles that involve caregiving and nurturing, enhancing their emotional perception skills.

Question 15

All of the following would be considered examples of instrumental behaviours EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

Instrumental behaviors are actions taken to achieve a specific outcome or goal. Feeling content and peaceful while watching a sunset is a passive experience, not an action taken to achieve a specific outcome.

Question 16

One of the primary reasons that people often perform poorly on intelligence tests that require complex reasoning appears to be that their arousal levels are for these difficult tasks.

Accepted Answer

The answer of One of the primary reasons that people...

Question 17

Peter is a very outgoing and fun-loving guy; his sister, Patty is just the opposite. She is quiet, serious and keeps to herself. Peter and Patty could best be described as differing in

Accepted Answer

Affective style refers to the consistent emotional responses and behaviors that individuals exhibit, which can differ significantly between people, as seen with Peter and Patty.

Question 18

Research on the relationship between physiological arousal and performance has determined that:

Accepted Answer

The Yerkes-Dodson Law suggests that performance improves with increased arousal up to an optimal point, after which further arousal can lead to a decline in performance.

Question 19

Which of the following provides the best explanation as to why cultural display rules impact emotional expression?

Accepted Answer

Cultural display rules dictate when and how particular emotions are expressed, influencing the outward expression of emotions based on cultural norms and expectations.

Question 20

This theory of emotion asserts that the thalamus sends messages directly to the cortex and that these messages determine the experience of emotion. The physiological arousal that accompanies the emotion is determined by separate messages sent from the thalamus to the body's internal organs. This is the theory of emotion.

Accepted Answer

The Cannon-Bard theory of emotion posits that the thalamus sends simultaneous messages to the cortex and the body's internal organs, leading to the experience of emotion and physiological arousal independently.

Quiz 11: Motivation and Emotion