Question 1

Which of the follow refers to all the RNA produced by transcription of DNA?

Accepted Answer

The transcriptome refers to the complete set of RNA transcripts produced by the genome at any one time, including all types of RNA (mRNA, rRNA, tRNA, and non-coding RNA) produced by transcription.

Question 2

With the assistance of William Bateson, Archibald Garrod produced the first documented example of a human hereditary disorder that shaped the study of biochemical pathways. Which disorder were they describing?

Accepted Answer

The answer of With the assistance of William Bateson, Archibald...

Question 3

Messenger RNA codons pair with tRNA anticodons at which cell structure?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Messenger RNA codons pair with tRNA anticodons...

Question 4

The physical units of heredity composed of defined DNA sequences that collectively control gene transcription and contain the information to produce RNA molecules or proteins are better known as what?

Accepted Answer

The answer of The physical units of heredity composed of...

Question 5

In eukaryotes, most of the cells' DNA is found in the form of chromosomes in the nucleus. Which organelles contain their own genomes (descended from ancient endosymbiotic bacteria)?

Accepted Answer

The answer of In eukaryotes, most of the cells' DNA...

Question 6

Which evolutionary process describes the movement of members of a species from one population to another?

Accepted Answer

Migration describes the process where members of a species move from one population to another, which can lead to gene flow between populations.

Question 7

In the phylogenetic tree below, which feature distinguishes snakes and mammals from frogs and salamanders?

Accepted Answer

The answer of In the phylogenetic tree below, which feature...

Question 8

Which evolutionary process involves the slow addition of allelic variation that increases the hereditary diversity of populations, ultimately leading to evolutionary change?

Accepted Answer

Mutation is the process that introduces new genetic variations into a population's gene pool, which over time can lead to evolutionary changes by increasing the hereditary diversity within that population.

Question 9

Which evolutionary process relies on the premise that individuals with the best adaptations are most successful at reproducing and leave more offspring than those with less adaptive forms?

Accepted Answer

Natural selection is the evolutionary process where individuals with traits that are better adapted to their environment have higher survival and reproductive rates, leading to the prevalence of those traits in future generations.

Question 10

What are the three domains of life?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What are the three domains of life?...

Question 11

A complete set of chromosomes is transmitted to produce identical daughter cells in which cell division process?

Accepted Answer

The answer of A complete set of chromosomes is transmitted...

Question 12

The genotypes of humans are more than 99% similar. What is the term that describes the alternative forms of genes that contribute to human genetic variation?

Accepted Answer

The answer of The genotypes of humans are more than...

Question 13

Which evolutionary process is most pronounced in small populations where statistical fluctuations in allele frequencies can be significant from one generation to the next?

Accepted Answer

Random genetic drift is most pronounced in small populations, where random fluctuations in allele frequencies from one generation to the next can have a significant impact on the genetic composition of the population.

Question 14

Hereditary anemia known as sickle cell disease (SCD) results from inheritance of a variant form of fi- globin protein (fiS), rather than the wild- type fi- globin protein (fiA). Which of the following did Linus Pauling find following gel electrophoresis of hemoglobin protein from individuals with the following three genotypes: fiAfiA, fiAfiS, or fiSfiS?
A) all three lanes had just one protein band with the same electrophoretic mobility
B) the lane containing the hemoglobin from the heterozygote (fiAfiS) individual had two protein bands with differing electrophoretic mobility
C) the lane containing the hemoglobin from the homozygous (fiAfiA) individual had two protein bands with differing electrophoretic mobility
D) the lane containing the hemoglobin from the homozygous (fiSfiS) individual with SCD had two protein bands
E) all three lanes had the same two protein bands with the same electrophoretic mobility

Accepted Answer

The answer of Hereditary anemia known as sickle cell disease...

Question 15

Morphological or molecular characters shared by members of a clade are called .

Accepted Answer

Synapomorphies are shared derived characters or traits that are found in two or more taxa and are present in their most recent common ancestor but not in more distant ancestors. This makes them useful for inferring evolutionary relationships within a clade.

Question 16

You have digested a molecule of DNA and want to identify a specific fragment of interest. The DNA is subjected to gel electrophoresis, but you get two bands that are very close in size. What could you use to determine which band is the correct one?

Accepted Answer

Southern blotting is a technique used to identify specific DNA sequences in DNA samples. After electrophoresis, DNA fragments are transferred to a membrane and then probed with a specific sequence of DNA that is complementary to the fragment of interest. This allows for the identification of the specific DNA fragment among others, making it the correct choice for determining which band is the correct one when two bands are very close in size on a gel.

Question 17

During DNA replication, nascent DNA strands are synthesized in only one direction. Nucleotides are added only to which end of the nascent strand?

Accepted Answer

The answer of During DNA replication, nascent DNA strands are...

Question 18

Which of the following statements is NOT consistent with the DNA fragments shown in the gel?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following statements is NOT...

Question 19

Which term describes a set of organisms that descended from a single common ancestor and are more closely related to other members of the group than to organisms outside the group?
A) species
B) paraphyletic group
C) monophyletic group
D) parsimony
E) phylogeny

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which term describes a set of organisms...

Question 20

Hereditary anemia known as sickle cell disease (SCD) results from inheritance of a variant form of fi- globin protein (fiS), rather than the wild- type fi- globin protein (fiA). The fiS protein does not migrate as far as the fiA protein. Which of following does NOT explain why the gel electrophoresis lane containing the hemoglobin protein from the heterozygous (fiAfiS) individual has two protein bands?

Accepted Answer