Question 1

Propositions are
A) Grammatical phrase structures
B) Meaningful statements that refer to the world
C) Statements of pragmatic intent
D) Deep structures that unify at least two surface phrase structures

Accepted Answer

Propositions are meaningful statements that refer to the world, meaning they assert something about the state of affairs or reality that can be either true or false.

Question 2

What aspects of problem solving does the Towers of Hanoi task tap?

Accepted Answer

Although the Towers of Hanoi is an artificial puzzle, it resembles real-life problem-solving in basic ways, such as having a starting state, a goal state, and a branching tree structure of steps going from one to the other.

Question 3

Brain imaging studies have shown that the classic language models by Broca and Wernicke
A) Were based on brain injury cases that do not apply to normal individuals
B) Were found to be broadly accurate, though recent models have refined the regions believed to be involved
C) Were inaccurate and need to be revised
D) Continue to be best for current studies of language.

Accepted Answer

Brain imaging studies have confirmed the general locations and functions of Broca's and Wernicke's areas as they relate to language processing. However, these studies have also led to a more nuanced understanding of the brain regions involved in language, indicating that the classic models were broadly accurate but have been refined by more recent research.

Question 4

Conscious goals along with conscious steps for getting from a starting point to the goal is a characteristic of
A) Internal problem solving
B) External problem solving
C) Implicit problem solving
D) Explicit problem solving

Accepted Answer

Explicit problem solving involves conscious goals and conscious steps for achieving those goals, distinguishing it from implicit problem solving, which operates without conscious awareness.

Question 5

A researcher is advertising for chess experts, and people who have never played chess. You decide that s/he is probably planning to study
A) Pattern recognition
B) How experts use 'chunking' to solve problems
C) How working memory processes may differ according to one's level of expertise
D) All of the above

Accepted Answer

The researcher's interest in both chess experts and novices suggests a study on cognitive processes related to chess, which could include pattern recognition, chunking (a way experts group information), and differences in working memory processes based on expertise level.

Question 6

Which of the below is involved in the planning and production of speech?
A) Accessing conceptual representations
B) Encoding grammatical forms
C) Phonological encoding
D) All of the above

Accepted Answer

All of the options listed are involved in the planning and production of speech. Accessing conceptual representations is about understanding and retrieving the ideas to be expressed. Encoding grammatical forms involves applying the rules of grammar to structure those ideas. Phonological encoding is about processing the sounds that will be used to express the ideas verbally.

Question 7

What are the two brain areas that are typically included in a "Classical Theory" of language organization in the brain? Where are they located?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What are the two brain areas that...

Question 8

The statement "Language is not unitary" means that
A) There are no units in language
B) Modern brain imaging techniques have broken down classical unified models into many fragmentary models
C) There are multiple stages of language processing, which tend to activate different brain regions
D) In different cultures humans learn their native language at different stages of development

Accepted Answer

Language involves multiple stages of processing, each activating different areas of the brain, indicating its non-unitary nature.

Question 9

The "meaning" of words is referred to as______ while "grammar" is referred to as______.
A) Prosody, logistics
B) Syntax , prosody
C) Logistics, semantics
D) Semantics, syntax

Accepted Answer

Semantics refers to the meaning of words and phrases, while syntax refers to the rules and structure of how words are arranged to form sentences, which is grammar.

Question 10

A good analogy for problem solving is
A) Finding a path through a maze
B) Playing a game of chess
C) Following directions in a cookbook
D) Outlining a chapter in a textbook

Accepted Answer

Finding a path through a maze is a good analogy for problem solving because it involves finding a solution to a problem by exploring different paths and making decisions.

Question 11

________ is a useful way to work around the capacity limits of immediate memory.
A) Sensory memory
B) Mental effort
C) Selective attention
D) Chunking

Accepted Answer

Chunking is a strategy where information is grouped into larger, manageable units, making it easier to remember and work around the limitations of immediate or short-term memory.

Question 12

Implicit thinking appears to play a central role on human thinking and problem solving. Provide an everyday example of implicit thinking.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Implicit thinking appears to play a central...

Question 13

Compared to _____, involves greater executive control, frequent conscious access, and the recruitment of many cortical regions in goal pursuit.
A) Explicit problem solving, implicit problem solving
B) Implicit problem solving, explicit problem solving
C) External problem solving, internal problem solving
D) Internal problem solving, external problem solving

Accepted Answer

Implicit problem solving occurs with less conscious awareness and involves fewer cognitive resources than explicit problem solving, which requires conscious thought, greater executive control, and the activation of multiple brain regions to achieve goals.

Quiz 6: Language and Thought

Propositions are

What aspects of problem solving does the Towers of Hanoi task tap?

Brain imaging studies have shown that the classic language models by Broca and Wernicke

Conscious goals along with conscious steps for getting from a starting point to the goal is a characteristic of

A researcher is advertising for chess experts, and people who have never played chess. You decide that s/he is probably planning to study

Which of the below is involved in the planning and production of speech?

What are the two brain areas that are typically included in a "Classical Theory" of language organization in the brain? Where are they located?

The statement "Language is not unitary" means that

The "meaning" of words is referred to as while "grammar" is referred to as.

A good analogy for problem solving is

________ is a useful way to work around the capacity limits of immediate memory.

Implicit thinking appears to play a central role on human thinking and problem solving. Provide an everyday example of implicit thinking.

Compared to _____, involves greater executive control, frequent conscious access, and the recruitment of many cortical regions in goal pursuit.