Question 1

Karl Marx's Communist Manifesto is based on the ____ perspective.

Accepted Answer

Karl Marx's Communist Manifesto is based on the conflict theory perspective, which emphasizes the social, political, or material inequalities of a social group, critiquing the broad socio-political system. Marx's work focuses on the class struggle and the conflicts between the bourgeoisie and the proletariat.

Question 2

Alienation is defined by the text as:

Accepted Answer

Alienation refers to the feeling of being separated from or not integrated into society, work, or one's own identity, which matches the definition given in option A.

Question 3

Ivanka Trump is the daughter of business mogul Donald Trump.Her role as heiress to the Trump fortune is an example of ______.

Accepted Answer

Ivanka Trump's role as an heiress to the Trump fortune is an example of ascribed status, which is a social position a person receives at birth or takes on involuntarily later in life.

Question 4

Durkheim defined ______ as the communal beliefs, morals, and attitudes of a society.

Accepted Answer

Durkheim defined "collective conscience" as the set of shared beliefs, ideas, and moral attitudes which operate as a unifying force within society.

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT an example of organic solidarity?

Accepted Answer

Organic solidarity is a concept developed by sociologist Émile Durkheim, describing a form of social cohesion that arises in complex, industrial societies, where individuals perform highly specialized tasks. In such societies, people are interdependent because of the division of labor, but they do not necessarily share the same values or beliefs. Choices A, C, and D all describe roles within larger organizations or systems where the tasks are specialized and the workers are dependent on others within a larger system. Choice B, a freelance artist creating a sculpture, represents an individualistic and creative task that does not inherently rely on a complex division of labor or interdependence with others in the same way, making it an example of what Durkheim might consider a more traditional form of solidarity or even an example of work outside the strict definitions of organic or mechanical solidarity.

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT one of Marx's four types of alienation?

Accepted Answer

Marx's concept of alienation includes alienation from the product of one's labor, from the act of production, from one's self, and from others. Alienation from one's religion is not listed among these types by Marx.

Question 7

Charles Cooley's concept of the looking-glass self hypothesizes that:

Accepted Answer

Cooley's looking-glass self concept suggests that individuals form their self-image as a reflection of how they believe others perceive them.

Question 8

A judge and her gavel.A cop and his gun.A lawyer and her power suit.A ____ would be most concerned with the parts these objects play in impression management.

Accepted Answer

Symbolic interactionists focus on the meanings and symbols that individuals derive from social interactions, including how objects like a gavel, gun, or power suit can influence perceptions and behaviors in social contexts.

Question 9

The Agricultural Revolution is often referred to as "dawn of civilization" because:

Accepted Answer

The Agricultural Revolution led to the establishment of cities and towns as humans transitioned from nomadic lifestyles to settled farming communities, allowing for more leisure time and the development of civilization.

Question 10

Which of the following is an example of role strain?

Accepted Answer

Role strain occurs when a person finds it difficult to fulfill the multiple responsibilities of a single social role. In choice B, Becca experiences role strain as she struggles to balance the demands of being a mother, wife, and executive, all of which are responsibilities within her social role.

Question 11

On the first day of high school, Kaitlin overhears a group of girls calling her "goth" and "emo." She soon begins to don more black clothing, dark makeup, and seek out friends who dress the same.This is an example of ______.

Accepted Answer

Kaitlin is engaging in role performance by adopting behaviors and an appearance that align with the expectations of a social role (in this case, "goth" and "emo") that others have attributed to her.

Question 12

As industrialization began to boom, Durkheim believed people were more susceptible to anomie because:

Accepted Answer

Durkheim argued that as societies become more industrialized, they transition from mechanical to organic solidarity, leading to weakened collective norms, a diminished collective consciousness, and increased specialization that can cause alienation. This combination makes individuals more susceptible to anomie, a state of normlessness.

Question 13

___ describes how any action that is repeated frequently becomes cast into a pattern.

Accepted Answer

Habitualization refers to the process by which an action that is repeated frequently becomes a pattern or habit, often without the individual being fully aware of it. This concept is used in sociology to explain how certain behaviors or practices become ingrained in society.

Question 14

____ societies relied on permanent tools for survival, and expanded due to innovations such as crop rotation and fertilizer.

Accepted Answer

Agricultural societies relied on permanent tools for survival and were able to expand due to innovations such as crop rotation and the use of fertilizer, which improved farming efficiency and yields.

Question 15

Karl Marx asserted that the means of societal change existed in the tension between:

Accepted Answer

Marx's theory of societal change revolves around the conflict between the working class (proletariat) and the wealthy class (bourgeois), where he believed change would come from the proletariat taking control of the means of production from the bourgeois.

Question 16

The concept anomie can be defined as:

Accepted Answer

Anomie is a concept developed by sociologist Émile Durkheim, describing a state of normlessness where society fails to effectively regulate the expectations and behaviors of its members, leading to a breakdown in social bonds and collective consciousness.

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT an example of self-fulfilling prophecy?

Accepted Answer

Kevin's scenario does not involve a belief influencing behavior to make the belief come true, unlike the other examples where negative expectations lead to outcomes that confirm those expectations.

Question 18

Please place the following societies in chronological order:

Accepted Answer

Hunter-gatherer societies are considered the earliest form of human society, focusing on foraging and hunting for survival. Pastoral societies emerged next, with the domestication of animals. Horticultural societies developed with the cultivation of plants in gardens, leading to more settled communities. Finally, agricultural societies emerged with the advent of large-scale farming, significantly transforming human settlement and societal structures.

Question 19

The term institutionalization can be defined as:

Accepted Answer

Institutionalization refers to the process of embedding a convention or norm into society, making it a standard or accepted practice.

Question 20

Functionalist Émile Durkheim viewed society as:

Accepted Answer

Durkheim, a key figure in functionalist theory, conceptualized society as an organism where each part (or institution) has a function that contributes to the overall stability and health of the society. This perspective emphasizes the interdependence of societal components rather than class struggle or divisions.

Quiz 4: Society and Social Interaction