The residual, or the difference, between the observed frequency and the expected frequency is a reliable indicator.A standardized residual can also be computed for each cell.Which statements are true about standardized residuals?
A)Standardized residuals that have a positive value mean that the cell was over-represented in the actual sample, compared to the expected frequency.
B)The standardized residual can be compared against the critical z-value for your α level to determine significance.
C)Standardized residuals can be used to test the null hypothesis that the actual frequency equals the expected frequency for a specific cell versus the research hypothesis of a difference greater than zero.
D)Standardized residuals that have a negative value mean that the cell was under-represented in the actual sample, compared to the expected frequency.
E)All of the above.

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

All statements about standardized residuals are true. They indicate over-representation with positive values and under-representation with negative values, can be compared against critical z-values to determine significance, and are used to test hypotheses about frequency differences.

The Residual, or the Difference, Between the Observed Frequency and the Expected