Question 1

A key function of verbal and physical aggression is to __________.
A) boost one's self-esteem
B) signal one's physical prowess to a mate
C) increase status across contexts
D) inflict costs on same-sex rivals

Accepted Answer

Verbal and physical aggression often serve to inflict costs on same-sex rivals, which can be a strategy to reduce competition for resources or mates.

Question 2

Which theory provides the starting point for understanding why most murderers AND murder victims are male?
A) parental investment theory
B) parent-offspring conflict theory
C) multilevel selection theory
D) reciprocal altruism theory

Accepted Answer

Parental investment theory suggests that males are more competitive and aggressive due to their lower investment in offspring compared to females, leading to higher rates of male-on-male violence and victimization.

Question 3

The majority of victims of male perpetrated crimes are __________.
A) high-status men
B) reproductive-aged women
C) post-reproductive-aged women
D) other men

Accepted Answer

The majority of victims of male-perpetrated crimes are other men, as men are statistically more likely to be both perpetrators and victims of violent crimes.

Question 4

Figueredo found that women with ___________ experienced lower levels of ____________.
A) lower densities of kin; aggression towards their children
B) higher mate value; aggression towards their children
C) higher densities of kin; domestic violence
D) low mate value; domestic violence

Accepted Answer

Figueredo's research indicated that women with higher densities of kin experienced lower levels of domestic violence, suggesting that having more family support can act as a protective factor.

Question 5

Mechanisms producing aggression should lie dormant unless ____________.
A) access to reproductive age women is greater
B) one lives in a culture that condones violence
C) contexts that trigger aggression are encountered
D) the individual has learned to associate aggression with acquired resources

Accepted Answer

Aggression is typically triggered by specific contexts or situations that provoke such behavior, rather than being constantly active.

Question 6

In _______ cultures studied to date, men are overwhelmingly more often the perpetrators of homicide than are women.
A) all
B) most
C) only a few
D) no

Accepted Answer

Research across various cultures consistently shows that men are more frequently the perpetrators of homicide compared to women.

Question 7

Women often cite ___________ as a key cause or precipitating context of spousal abuse.
A) male sexual jealousy
B) men "saving face"
C) alcohol consumption
D) loss of status

Accepted Answer

Male sexual jealousy is often cited by women as a key cause or precipitating context of spousal abuse.

Question 8

Defending against aggression is hypothesized to __________.
A) prevent potential harm to one's mate and children
B) gain a reputation of submissiveness
C) decrease the reproductive success of the attacker
D) none of the above

Accepted Answer

Defending against aggression is hypothesized to prevent potential harm to one's mate and children, ensuring their safety and survival, which is crucial for the continuation of one's genetic lineage.

Question 9

The discovery of chimpanzees raiding a neighboring territory to assault an enemy led researchers to question __________.
A) the long-held assumption that other primates are peaceful and that only humans kill their own
B) the long-held assumption that other primates only kill others individually rather than in cooperative alliances
C) the motives that led the chimpanzees to commit this act
D) whether the chimpanzees were consciously aware of their goal

Accepted Answer

The discovery challenged the belief that only humans engage in organized violence against their own species, suggesting that other primates, like chimpanzees, can also exhibit such behavior.

Question 10

Of homicides committed in Chicago between 1965 and 1980, _____ percent were committed by men.
A) 34
B) 50
C) 69
D) 86

Accepted Answer

During this period, a significant majority of homicides were committed by men, with statistics indicating that 86 percent of homicides in Chicago were committed by male offenders.

Question 11

Within primate species, the ___________ effective polygyny, the ___________ sexual dimorphism.
A) greater the; less the
B) greater the; greater the
C) less the; greater the
D) none of the above

Accepted Answer

In primate species, greater effective polygyny (where a few males mate with many females) often leads to greater sexual dimorphism, as males compete for access to females, resulting in larger size or more pronounced features in males compared to females.

Question 12

Campbell argues that selection may operate against women who take great physical risks such as inflicting physical aggression on others because __________.
A) they bear the brunt of parental care
B) the selective history of intersexual competition has not existed for women
C) the selective history of intrasexual competition has not existed for women
D) selection pressures for reciprocal altruism operate more strongly on men than on women

Accepted Answer

Women are typically more involved in parental care, and taking great physical risks could jeopardize their ability to care for offspring, thus selection may operate against such behaviors.

Question 13

Hyde found that the largest sex difference in aggression is manifest in __________.
A) aggressive fantasies
B) verbal aggression
C) physical aggression
D) imitative aggression

Accepted Answer

The answer of Hyde found that the largest sex difference...

Question 14

Victims of female-perpetrated aggression are typically _____________.
A) high-status women
B) reproductive-aged men
C) post-reproductive-aged men
D) other women

Accepted Answer

Female-perpetrated aggression is often directed towards other women, typically due to competition for resources, social status, or mates.

Question 15

Nisbett pointed out that failure to aggress when aggressed against in "cultures of honor" can result in __________.
A) loss of status
B) increase in status
C) banishment by other group members
D) greater rates of sexual abuse

Accepted Answer

In "cultures of honor," failing to retaliate when aggressed against can lead to a loss of status, as these cultures often value strength and the defense of one's reputation.

Question 16

Spousal battering is most likely to be exhibited by ______________.
A) men who are higher in relative mate value than their wives
B) men who are lower in relative mate value than their wives
C) women who are higher in relative mate value than their husbands
D) women who are lower in relative mate value than their husbands

Accepted Answer

Men who are lower in relative mate value than their wives may feel threatened or insecure, potentially leading to spousal battering as a misguided attempt to exert control or dominance.

Question 17

One major cost of aggression is __________.
A) caloric cost
B) retaliatory aggression
C) vulnerability of undefended kin
D) potential of cuckoldry while a perpetrator of aggression is away from his wife

Accepted Answer

Retaliatory aggression is a major cost because it can lead to injury or death, which outweighs the potential benefits of aggressive behavior.

Question 18

Homicide data reveal that men who are _________ and ___________ are most likely to commit homicide.
A) poor; married
B) rich; unmarried
C) poor; unmarried
D) rich; married

Accepted Answer

Men who are poor and unmarried are statistically more likely to commit homicide due to factors such as economic stress and lack of social support.

Question 19

Buss and Shackelford proposed all of the following EXCEPT __________ as adaptive problems that aggression might solve.
A) co-opting the resources of others
B) defending against attack
C) inflicting costs on intersexual rivals
D) negotiating status and power hierarchies

Accepted Answer

Buss and Shackelford did not propose "inflicting costs on intersexual rivals" as an adaptive problem that aggression might solve. Their focus was on aggression as a means to co-opt resources, defend against attacks, and negotiate status and power hierarchies.

Question 20

Aggression perpetrated by women is often all of the following EXCEPT __________.
A) less florid
B) premeditated
C) less violent
D) less risky

Accepted Answer

Aggression perpetrated by women is often less florid, less violent, and less risky, but not necessarily premeditated.

Quiz 10: Aggression and Warfare

A key function of verbal and physical aggression is to __________.

Which theory provides the starting point for understanding why most murderers AND murder victims are male?

The majority of victims of male perpetrated crimes are __________.

Figueredo found that women with _ experienced lower levels of __.

Mechanisms producing aggression should lie dormant unless ____________.

In _______ cultures studied to date, men are overwhelmingly more often the perpetrators of homicide than are women.

Women often cite ___________ as a key cause or precipitating context of spousal abuse.

Defending against aggression is hypothesized to __________.

The discovery of chimpanzees raiding a neighboring territory to assault an enemy led researchers to question __________.

Of homicides committed in Chicago between 1965 and 1980, _____ percent were committed by men.

Within primate species, the _ effective polygyny, the _ sexual dimorphism.

Campbell argues that selection may operate against women who take great physical risks such as inflicting physical aggression on others because __________.

Hyde found that the largest sex difference in aggression is manifest in __________.

Victims of female-perpetrated aggression are typically _____________.

Nisbett pointed out that failure to aggress when aggressed against in "cultures of honor" can result in __________.

Spousal battering is most likely to be exhibited by ______________.

One major cost of aggression is __________.

Homicide data reveal that men who are _ and ___ are most likely to commit homicide.

Buss and Shackelford proposed all of the following EXCEPT __________ as adaptive problems that aggression might solve.

Aggression perpetrated by women is often all of the following EXCEPT __________.