Question 1

Identify one or more choices that best complete the statement or answer the question.
-The nurse works in a pediatric clinic with patients who have heart disease or who have undergone treatment for heart disease. The nurse is frequently asked about the need for prophylactic antibiotics for these patients during invasive dental care. Which patients does the nurse identify as being at risk for endocarditis and being in need of antibiotic therapy? Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

A,B,C,D

Question 2

A 3-month-old infant is diagnosed with pulmonary stenosis. Which parent teaching does the nurse provide?

Accepted Answer

Pulmonary stenosis can be treated with procedures that repair the artery or the valve, such as balloon valvuloplasty or surgical repair.

Question 3

The nurse is providing care for a 12-year-old patient who is hospitalized with generalized weakness and muscle wasting, which began in the hips, pelvic area, thighs, and shoulders. The physician suspects Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Which action by the physician does the nurse expect?

Accepted Answer

Duchenne muscular dystrophy often affects cardiac muscles, so an echocardiogram is performed to evaluate cardiac functioning.

Question 4

The nurse is providing information to the parents of a toddler who is scheduled for surgery for the replacement of the pulmonic valve. The parents have many questions about the function of the valve. Which information from the nurse is correct?

Accepted Answer

The pulmonic valve controls blood flow from the right ventricle to the pulmonary artery, which leads to the lungs for oxygenation. If the valve is defective, it can impair the flow of blood into the lungs, reducing the amount of blood that gets oxygenated.

Question 5

The nurse is performing a physical assessment on a 7-year-old child as a requirement for playing a sport at school. The nurse reports which assessment finding as abnormal and requests a follow-up from a primary care physician?

Accepted Answer

The abnormal finding is a systolic blood pressure of 90 mm Hg and a diastolic of 20 mm Hg, indicating a very wide pulse pressure, which could suggest underlying cardiovascular issues requiring further evaluation.

Question 6

The nurse is providing care for a neonate diagnosed with a cardiovascular disorder immediately after birth. When gathering assessment information from the mother, which comment will the nurse recognize as the most likely contributing factor for the defect?

Accepted Answer

Rubella (measles) infection during pregnancy is a known risk factor for congenital heart defects in neonates.

Question 7

The nurse is aware the neonate's blood circulation is different before birth than after birth. Which circulation pattern does the nurse recognize as occurring prior to birth?

Accepted Answer

A) Before birth, the fetal circulation bypasses the lungs because the fetus receives oxygenated blood from the mother through the placenta. The foramen ovale is an opening between the right and left atria that allows blood to flow directly from the right atrium to the left atrium, bypassing the lungs.

Question 8

Identify one or more choices that best complete the statement or answer the question.
-The nurse on a pediatric unit is providing care for a 5-year-old child diagnosed with congestive heart failure. The physician prescribes digoxin therapy. Which medication-focused interventions does the nurse include when creating a plan of care for the patient? Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

Digoxin is a medication used to treat congestive heart failure. It is important to administer the medication at the same time every day to maintain a consistent blood level. Digoxin is also best absorbed when taken 1 hour before or 2 hours after meals.

Question 9

The parents are preparing to take their newborn, who was diagnosed with tetralogy of Fallot with pulmonary atresia, home. The nurse is developing a teaching sheet regarding care of the newborn for the parents. Which information does the nurse need to include in the teaching plan?

Accepted Answer

Tetralogy of Fallot with pulmonary atresia is a complex congenital heart defect that can impact the baby's ability to feed and grow. Maintaining caloric intake is crucial for ensuring the baby receives enough nutrition for growth and development, despite potential feeding difficulties.

Question 10

The nurse is teaching a pediatric electrocardiogram (EKG) class to nurses in a pediatric cardiac unit. Which anatomical structure does the nurse use to describe the initiation of cardiac electrical conduction?

Accepted Answer

The sinoatrial (SA) node in the right atrium is responsible for initiating cardiac electrical conduction, acting as the natural pacemaker of the heart.

Question 11

The nurse is preparing an 8-year-old patient for a cardiac catheterization. Which intervention will the nurse initiate immediately postprocedure?

Accepted Answer

Keeping the involved extremity straight for 4 to 6 hours post-cardiac catheterization is crucial to prevent bleeding from the catheter insertion site.

Question 12

Identify one or more choices that best complete the statement or answer the question.
-The nurse in a pediatric office is aware that certain factors may be indicators of heart disease in children. Which children does the nurse recognize with manifestations related to heart disease? Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Identify one or more choices that best...

Question 13

Identify one or more choices that best complete the statement or answer the question.
-The nurse is providing care for a 9-year-old patient who was recently diagnosed with cardiomyopathy after a viral infection. Which teaching does the nurse provide to the patient's parents about the diagnosed condition? Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

The nurse should inform the parents about the potential need for intensive care due to the severity of cardiomyopathy. Anticipatory grieving may be necessary due to the serious nature of the condition. Encouraging the patient to discuss feelings can help with emotional coping. Frequent medical visits are important for monitoring the condition and adjusting treatment as needed. Physical activity may need to be limited or carefully monitored, so option C is not typically advised without specific medical guidance.

Question 14

The nurse is assisting with high school sports physicals. The nurse performs a physical assessment on a male student who is tall and thin, with disproportionately long arms. Which additional finding will prompt the nurse to recommend a cardiac evaluation?

Accepted Answer

The description of the male student being tall and thin with disproportionately long arms, along with notable laxity of joints, suggests Marfan syndrome, a genetic disorder affecting the body's connective tissue. One of the major concerns with Marfan syndrome is cardiovascular complications, hence the need for a cardiac evaluation.

Question 15

Identify one or more choices that best complete the statement or answer the question.
-The pediatric nurse is providing care for a school-age patient diagnosed with rheumatic heart disease. When developing a plan of care for the patient's hospital stay, which interventions does the nurse include? Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

Administering inflammatory and antibiotic medications as prescribed, assessing for the presence of strep throat or other throat infections, and organizing daily care and treatments to provide for joint pain relief are all important interventions for a patient with rheumatic heart disease.

Question 16

The nurse is reviewing medications for the treatment of a heart rhythm disorder in a patient who is 8 years of age. The parent of the patient states that the physician recently prescribed medication to treat the patient's attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder. Using knowledge of recent professional recommendations, which statement by the nurse is correct?

Accepted Answer

The answer of The nurse is reviewing medications for the...

Question 17

Identify one or more choices that best complete the statement or answer the question.
-A neonate became dusky and developed respiratory distress at the age of 4 days and is diagnosed with a hypoplastic left heart. The surgeon obtains an informed consent from the parents to perform emergency surgery. Which information will the nurse provide to promote parental understanding? Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

A) The left side of the neonate's heart did not develop correctly, and B) The function of the left side of the heart is to pump blood to the body, are accurate statements that explain the condition of hypoplastic left heart syndrome, helping parents understand the nature of the defect. E) A normally existing hole in the wall of the heart at birth will be enlarged, refers to a procedure often involved in the surgical management of this condition to improve blood flow, which is a part of the surgical interventions for hypoplastic left heart syndrome. C) is incorrect because surgery for hypoplastic left heart syndrome is complex and involves multiple stages; it does not "fix" the problem but rather manages it, and survival into adulthood can be uncertain. D) is incorrect because medical management alone is not sufficient for long-term survival; surgical intervention is necessary.

Question 18

The nurse is providing care for a neonate diagnosed with tetralogy of Fallot. Prostaglandin E1 therapy is prescribed to keep the foramen ovale and the ductus arteriosus open. Which is the most important intervention for the nurse to include in the neonate's plan of care?

Accepted Answer

DMaintaining a separate IV access for continuous administration of the medication ensures that the prostaglandin E1 therapy is delivered effectively and without interruption, which is critical for keeping the foramen ovale and ductus arteriosus open in neonates with tetralogy of Fallot. Monitoring weight and adjusting the dosage accordingly is essential because the dosage of prostaglandin E1 is weight-based, and neonates can experience rapid weight changes, necessitating dosage adjustments to maintain therapeutic levels and minimize side effects.

Question 19

Identify one or more choices that best complete the statement or answer the question.
-A new mother brings her 2-week-old neonate to the pediatrician's office, stating, "I think something is wrong with my baby." When the infant is undressed, the nurse notices signs of possible cardiac problems. Which assessment findings support the nurse's suspicions? Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

Prolonged capillary refill time, bluish tinge to oral structures, and mottled appearance of skin can indicate poor circulation or oxygenation, which are signs of potential cardiac problems in a neonate.

Question 20

Identify one or more choices that best complete the statement or answer the question.
-A parent brings a 2-year-old child with a fever and a rash to the pediatric clinic. The health-care provider suggests the child may have one of several conditions that present with similar symptoms, but wants to rule out Kawasaki disease. Which tests does the nurse expect to be performed? Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

Kawasaki disease is a condition that primarily affects children and can lead to complications in the heart. A white blood cell count (B) can help identify an elevated level of white blood cells, which is common in Kawasaki disease due to inflammation. Baseline echocardiograms (D) are crucial for detecting any abnormalities in the heart that Kawasaki disease might cause, such as coronary artery aneurysms.

Quiz 12: Cardiovascular Disorders