Question 1

Voluntary actions are related to ________ processes while involuntary actions are related to __________ processes.
A) explicit, implicit
B) verbal working memory, visual working memory
C) procedural, declarative
D) syntactic, semantic

Accepted Answer

A

Question 2

An individual who seems to have normal intelligence but who has a severe loss of memory for personal experiences is likely
A) to be suffering from amnesia
B) to have difficulty in everyday conversations
C) to have impaired implicit thinking
D) all of the above

Accepted Answer

Amnesia is characterized by a significant memory loss, particularly for personal experiences, while other cognitive functions, such as intelligence, may remain intact.

Question 3

Maintaining working memory contents for a dozen seconds requires:
A) the prefrontal cortex
B) the medial temporal lobe
C) hippocampus
D) amygdala

Accepted Answer

The prefrontal cortex is crucial for maintaining and manipulating information in working memory over short periods, such as a dozen seconds.

Question 4

The typical time span of long term memory is
A) milliseconds to seconds
B) seconds to hours
C) hours to months
D) months to lifetime

Accepted Answer

The answer of The typical time span of long term...

Question 5

Mechanisms believed to be involved in turning temporary synaptic connections into long-lasting memory traces are:
A) Long term excitation and short term inhibition
B) long term potentiation and long term depression
C) implicit thinking and explicit memory formation
D) located in the prefrontal lobe

Accepted Answer

Long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD) are mechanisms that are believed to be involved in turning temporary synaptic connections into long-lasting memory traces.

Question 6

memory involves facts about the world while memory involves specific events at specific times and places.
A) episodic, semantic
B) semantic, episodic
C) explicit, implicit
D) implicit, explicit

Accepted Answer

Semantic memory involves facts about the world, while episodic memory involves specific events at specific times and places.

Question 7

Memory consolidation is thought to occur in the while conscious recollection of episodic memories requires the .
A) neocortex, medial temporal lobe
B) medial temporal lobe, hippocampus
C) hippocampus, neocortex
D) prefrontal cortex, hippocampus

Accepted Answer

The answer of Memory consolidation is thought to occur in...

Question 8

Which of the following is not a type of human memory system?
A) Working
B) Implicit
C) Semantic
D) Syntax

Accepted Answer

Working memory, implicit memory, and semantic memory are all types of human memory systems. However, syntax is not a type of human memory system. Syntax refers to the rules that govern the structure of sentences and language use, rather than a specific type of memory.

Question 9

Explicit memory operates
A) unconsciously
B) consciously
C) slowly
D) quickly

Accepted Answer

Explicit memory operates consciously, meaning that individuals are aware of their memories and can intentionally recall them.

Question 10

The "anterograde amnesia" experienced by patient HM refers to
A) his inability to form new memories
B) his inability to recall events shortly before his surgery
C) his relatively intact short term memory
D) his ability to recall experiences from his childhood

Accepted Answer

Anterograde amnesia is the inability to form new memories after the onset of the condition, which was the primary issue experienced by patient HM following his surgery.

Question 11

Consolidation refers to
A) confirming the accuracy of a remembered event
B) forgetting a memory in old age
C) transforming information from temporary to permanent storage
D) merging memories together

Accepted Answer

Consolidation is the process of stabilizing a memory trace after the initial acquisition, transforming it from temporary to more permanent storage in the brain.

Question 12

Young children can immediately repeat short sentences spoken by their parents and siblings, and then start to produce new sentences that also follow the rules of their native language. The ability to produce new, rule-governed sentences is thought to involve what kind of learning?
A) explicit
B) implicit
C) short term
D) working

Accepted Answer

Implicit learning involves acquiring knowledge unconsciously, such as learning the rules of a language through exposure and practice without explicit instruction.

Question 13

Working memory is traditionally divided into
A) voluntary and unconscious processes
B) learning and retrieval
C) short term and long term
D) visual and verbal components

Accepted Answer

Working memory is traditionally divided into visual (visuospatial sketchpad) and verbal (phonological loop) components, as part of the multi-component model proposed by Baddeley and Hitch.

Question 14

Which is the best example of divided attention?
A) scanning a crowd looking for a friend
B) changing clothes in the dark
C) watching the lip movements of a singer while listening to the song
D) playing online poker while studying for a midterm

Accepted Answer

Divided attention involves focusing on multiple tasks simultaneously. Playing online poker while studying requires attention to both activities at the same time.

Question 15

A key difference between short-term memory and long-term memory is that
A) Short-term memory is sensitive to disruption, while long-term memory is more resistant to disruption
B) Short-term memory is relatively insensitive to disruption, while long-term memory is sensitive to disruption
C) Short-term memory lasts from days to weeks, while long-term memory lasts from seconds to hours
D) Short-term memory processes are largely localized to the sensory cortex, while long-term memory processes are distributed throughout the neocortex

Accepted Answer

Short-term memory is in the process of being consolidated into long-term memory and is therefore more sensitive to disruption. Long-term memory has already been consolidated and is more resistant to disruption.

Question 16

A key difference between episodic memory and semantic memory is that
A) Episodic memories can be remembered with an active reconstruction of the actual recalled event, while semantic memories typically involve a 'feeling of knowing' rather than a fully conscious recollection of an event
B) Episodic memories are less susceptible to forgetting than semantic memories
C) Episodic memories typically involve a 'feeling of knowing' rather than a fully conscious recollection of an event, while semantic memories can be remembered with an active reconstruction of the actual recalled event
D) Episodic memories are relatively independent of context, while semantic memories are context-dependent

Accepted Answer

Episodic memories involve a conscious recollection of a specific event, while semantic memories involve general knowledge and concepts. Episodic memories can be reconstructed and may include sensory details, while semantic memories are more like factual knowledge.

Quiz 9: Learning and Memory

Voluntary actions are related to processes while involuntary actions are related to __ processes.

An individual who seems to have normal intelligence but who has a severe loss of memory for personal experiences is likely

Maintaining working memory contents for a dozen seconds requires:

The typical time span of long term memory is

Mechanisms believed to be involved in turning temporary synaptic connections into long-lasting memory traces are:

memory involves facts about the world while memory involves specific events at specific times and places.

Memory consolidation is thought to occur in the while conscious recollection of episodic memories requires the .

Which of the following is not a type of human memory system?

Explicit memory operates

The "anterograde amnesia" experienced by patient HM refers to

Consolidation refers to

Young children can immediately repeat short sentences spoken by their parents and siblings, and then start to produce new sentences that also follow the rules of their native language. The ability to produce new, rule-governed sentences is thought to involve what kind of learning?

Working memory is traditionally divided into

Which is the best example of divided attention?

A key difference between short-term memory and long-term memory is that

A key difference between episodic memory and semantic memory is that