Question 1

Given the following position on abortion, identify which of the three major ethical theories discussed in the text-utilitarianism, duty theory, or virtue ethics-it follows. Note that each theory may encompass several possible viewpoints on an issue.
Abortion should be allowed. It doesn't matter whether one, as an individual, is for or against it; what matters is that women will be dying in back alleys again if their access to abortion is taken away from them.

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Question 2

Given the following position on euthanasia (doctor-assisted suicide), identify which of the three major ethical theories discussed in the text-utilitarianism, duty theory, or virtue ethics-it follows. Note that each theory may encompass several possible viewpoints on an issue.
Active euthanasia should not be legalized; it is much too dangerous. The consequences could be devastating to our society. If we allow terminally ill people access to euthanasia, what guarantees do we have that such access won't be abused? It would be easy to imagine greedy relatives insisting that it is better for Grandma to die sooner than linger in pain, or to imagine Grandma choosing to die sooner so she won't cost the family a lot of money. Overall, access to euthanasia may cause terrible unhappiness.

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Question 3

Evaluate the issue of human cloning from the utilitarian consequentialist viewpoint.

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Question 4

State whether the reason given here is relevant according to any one of the aesthetic principles; and if it is relevant, identify the principle that makes it so.
Ruben's nudes are a terrific advertisement for Weightwatchers.

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Question 5

Suppose that the following pair of statements appears in a review of the same work of art. Identify which of the aesthetic principles referred to in the text each statement in the pair appeals to. Then state whether the principles are compatible and thus form the basis for a consistent review, or whether they are incompatible and cannot both be used in a consistent review.
a. By the end of the nineteenth century, Bierstadt's painting was condemned as grandiose and sentimental; this is an example of the corruption of critical judgment by retrogressive political interests.
b. We must accept that the correctness of aesthetic taste is always an effect of the times.

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Question 6

Suppose that the following pair of statements appears in a review of the same work of art. Identify which of the aesthetic principles referred to in the text each statement in the pair appeals to. Then state whether the principles are compatible and thus form the basis for a consistent review, or whether they are incompatible and cannot both be used in a consistent review.
a. Art that misleads us about reality is dangerous.
b. The great virtue of
F.Scott Fitzgerald's novels is that they evoke a desire for a way of life that is extinct-indeed, a kind of life that likely never was.

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Question 7

State whether the reason given here is relevant according to any one of the aesthetic principles; and if it is relevant, identify the principle that makes it so.
Rostropovich's virtuosity on the cello sends waves of delight up and down my spine.

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Question 8

State whether the reason given here is relevant according to any one of the aesthetic principles; and if it is relevant, identify the principle that makes it so.
Ruben's nudes are so sensuous that this exhibit of them will make Manhattan society reject the dangerous motto, "Never too rich or too thin."

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Question 9

Suppose that the following pair of statements appears in a review of the same work of art. Identify which of the aesthetic principles referred to in the text each statement in the pair appeals to. Then state whether the principles are compatible and thus form the basis for a consistent review, or whether they are incompatible and cannot both be used in a consistent review.
a. A poem should not mean but be.
b. To appreciate Paradise Lost, it is essential to determine whether Milton meant Satan as a figure of evil, or as a liberated and thus attractively heroic figure.

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Question 10

Suppose that the following pair of statements appears in a review of the same work of art. Identify which of the aesthetic principles referred to in the text each statement in the pair appeals to. Then state whether the principles are compatible and thus form the basis for a consistent review, or whether they are incompatible and cannot both be used in a consistent review.
a. Phillis Wheatley's poetry is important art because it convinced her eighteenth-century contemporaries of the artistic abilities of Africans and contributed to the antislavery movement.
b. Phillis Wheatley's poems are exemplary expressions of Christian values.

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Question 11

Suppose that the following pair of statements appears in a review of the same work of art. Identify which of the aesthetic principles referred to in the text each statement in the pair appeals to. Then state whether the principles are compatible and thus form the basis for a consistent review, or whether they are incompatible and cannot both be used in a consistent review.
a. Bierstadt's monumental western landscapes are effective; we can be sure of this because they romanticized, and thus promoted, the American migration to the western areas of the country.
b. The scenes he painted of the Rocky Mountains make us understand viscerally what it is like to experience the sublime.

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Question 12

Given the following position on abortion, identify which of the three major ethical theories discussed in the text-utilitarianism, duty theory, or virtue ethics-it follows. Note that each theory may encompass several possible viewpoints on an issue.
Abortion should not be allowed. Whether abortion is done for the woman's convenience, health, or other reasons, the fact remains that taking a life is wrong. No number of good consequences can alter that fact.

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Question 13

Given the following position on abortion, identify which of the three major ethical theories discussed in the text-utilitarianism, duty theory, or virtue ethics-it follows. Note that each theory may encompass several possible viewpoints on an issue.
Abortion should be allowed. It is up to the individual to decide whether abortion is the right thing to do for her. Not everybody is ready for parenthood, and it is better that children not be raised by individuals who have no love for them, no stability in their lives, or no sense of responsibility for their actions.

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Question 14

State whether the reason given here is relevant according to any one of the aesthetic principles; and if it is relevant, identify the principle that makes it so.
As Mimi sang her last aria, the audience was submerged in sadness.

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Question 15

Given the following position on euthanasia (doctor-assisted suicide), identify which of the three major ethical theories discussed in the text-utilitarianism, duty theory, or virtue ethics-it follows. Note that each theory may encompass several possible viewpoints on an issue.
Active euthanasia should be legalized. After all, what are the overall consequences in terms of happiness or unhappiness? Euthanasia may not make the patient who wants to die happy, but at least it can end his or her misery. And although the relatives may feel unhappy at the assisted suicide, they too have suffered, and they will grieve whether the patient dies assisted or unassisted. As a matter of fact, they may grieve less if they know the patient has been spared a substantial amount of suffering.

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Question 16

Given the following position on euthanasia (doctor-assisted suicide), identify which of the three major ethical theories discussed in the text-utilitarianism, duty theory, or virtue ethics-it follows. Note that each theory may encompass several possible viewpoints on an issue.
If we can trust doctors and relatives of the patient to be morally responsible people, then active euthanasia could become an option. However, it may be abused by people with a bad character. And we should not forget that the character of the patients themselves may be important: Are they serious in their request, or are they going to change their minds at the last minute? Above all, let us be certain that the decision is right for the patient in his or her special situation, that the manner of euthanasia is appropriate, and that the situation is viewed with a balanced mind-set.

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Question 17

Evaluate the issue of human cloning from the viewpoint of a deontologist (duty theorist).

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Question 18

State whether the reason given here is relevant according to any one of the aesthetic principles; and if it is relevant, identify the principle that makes it so.
Raphael's painting is so illuminating because it manifests the Renaissance conviction that the realms of heaven and earth can be merged.

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Question 19

Given the following position on euthanasia (doctor-assisted suicide), identify which of the three major ethical theories discussed in the text-utilitarianism, duty theory, or virtue ethics-it follows. Note that each theory may encompass several possible viewpoints on an issue.
Active euthanasia should not be allowed. One might opt for euthanasia because one believes it might be to one's advantage, but could one truly imagine this access being available to everyone, as a universal law? Besides, one would be using the poor doctor as merely a means to an end, without any regard for his or her professional integrity.

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Question 20

Given the following position on euthanasia (doctor-assisted suicide), identify which of the three major ethical theories discussed in the text-utilitarianism, duty theory, or virtue ethics-it follows. Note that each theory may encompass several possible viewpoints on an issue.
Active euthanasia should be allowed. However, one would have to be very specific about stating the circumstances under which one might allow it. In that case, with circumstances strictly identified, it would be possible to imagine it to be a universal law that everyone under these specific circumstances could be allowed access to euthanasia.

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Quiz 12: Financial Statement Analysis

Evaluate the issue of human cloning from the utilitarian consequentialist viewpoint.

State whether the reason given here is relevant according to any one of the aesthetic principles; and if it is relevant, identify the principle that makes it so. Ruben's nudes are a terrific advertisement for Weightwatchers.

State whether the reason given here is relevant according to any one of the aesthetic principles; and if it is relevant, identify the principle that makes it so. Rostropovich's virtuosity on the cello sends waves of delight up and down my spine.

State whether the reason given here is relevant according to any one of the aesthetic principles; and if it is relevant, identify the principle that makes it so. As Mimi sang her last aria, the audience was submerged in sadness.

Evaluate the issue of human cloning from the viewpoint of a deontologist (duty theorist).

State whether the reason given here is relevant according to any one of the aesthetic principles; and if it is relevant, identify the principle that makes it so. Raphael's painting is so illuminating because it manifests the Renaissance conviction that the realms of heaven and earth can be merged.