Question 1

One of the advantages of a pie chart is that it clearly shows that the total of all
the categories of the pie adds to 100%.

Accepted Answer

This is one of the defining characteristics of a pie chart. The whole pie represents 100% of the data being presented, and each slice represents a proportion of that total.

Question 2

A histogram can have gaps between the bars, whereas bar charts cannot have
gaps.

Accepted Answer

Both histograms and bar charts can have gaps between the bars; however, in a histogram, gaps usually indicate a class interval with no occurrences, while in bar charts, gaps are used to visually separate different categories.

Question 3

Apple Computer, Inc. collected information on the age of their customers.
Suppose the youngest customer was 12 and the oldest was 72. To study the percentage of their
customers who are below a certain age, it can use an ogive.

Accepted Answer

An ogive is a graph used to display cumulative frequency, which can be used to determine the percentage of customers below a certain age.

Question 4

A Walmart store in a small town monitors customer complaints and organizes
these complaints into six distinct categories. Over the past year, suppose the company has
received 534 complaints. One possible graphical method for representing these data would be a
Pareto chart.

Accepted Answer

A Pareto chart is a graphical method used to display the relative frequency or size of problems or categories in descending order of importance. It is commonly used in quality control and management to identify the most significant causes of problems. In this case, the Walmart store could use a Pareto chart to identify the most common types of customer complaints and prioritize efforts to address them.

Question 5

Percentage polygons are plotted at the boundaries of the class groupings.

Accepted Answer

Percentage polygons show the distribution of data within a single variable, and are not plotted at the boundaries of class groupings. They connect the midpoints of each class interval.

Question 6

A side-by-side bar chart is two histograms plotted side-by-side.

Accepted Answer

A side-by-side bar chart is used to compare two sets of data across categories by displaying bars for each category next to each other, while histograms are used to show distributions of a single variable and typically display bars that represent the frequency of data points within certain ranges.

Question 7

If you wish to construct a graph of a relative frequency distribution, you would
most likely construct an ogive first.

Accepted Answer

To construct a graph of a relative frequency distribution, you would most likely construct a histogram or a frequency polygon first, not an ogive. An ogive is used to display a cumulative frequency distribution.

Question 8

An ogive is a cumulative percentage polygon.

Accepted Answer

An ogive is a graph that represents the cumulative frequency distribution of a set of data. It shows the total number or percentage of observations that are equal to or less than a certain value. It is often represented by a cumulative frequency polygon, which is a line graph that connects the cumulated frequencies at the upper class boundaries.

Question 9

Apple Computer, Inc. collected information on the age of their customers.
Suppose the youngest customer was 12 and the oldest was 72. To study the distribution of the
age among its customers, it can use a percentage polygon.

Accepted Answer

A percentage polygon is a graph that shows the distribution of percentages across a range of values. In this case, it can be used to show the distribution of ages among Apple's customers. It would plot the percentage of customers in each age range, such as 12-20, 21-30, etc. Therefore, the statement is true.

Question 10

The larger the number of observations in a numerical data set, the larger the
number of class intervals needed for a grouped frequency distribution.

Accepted Answer

As the number of observations in a data set increases, the range of values also increases, requiring a larger number of intervals in order to effectively group and display the data.

Question 11

Apple Computer, Inc. collected information on the age of their customers.
Suppose the youngest customer was 12 and the oldest was 72. To study the distribution of the
age among its customers, it is best to use a pie chart.

Accepted Answer

A pie chart is not the most appropriate type of graph for displaying the distribution of ages. A histogram or a box plot would be more appropriate for displaying the distribution of a continuous numerical variable, such as age.

Question 12

The main principle behind the Pareto chart is the ability to separate the "vital
few" from the "trivial many."

Accepted Answer

The Pareto chart is based on the Pareto principle, also known as the 80/20 rule, which asserts that approximately 80% of effects come from 20% of causes. The chart helps distinguish the significant factors (the "vital few") from the less significant ones (the "trivial many").

Question 13

Determining the class boundaries of a frequency distribution is highly subjective.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Determining the class boundaries of a frequency...

Question 14

The stem-and-leaf display is often superior to the frequency distribution in that it
maintains the original values for further analysis.

Accepted Answer

The stem-and-leaf display preserves the actual values of the data which can be useful for further analysis, while a frequency distribution only shows the counts or percentages of data within certain intervals.

Question 15

Apple Computer, Inc. collected information on the age of their customers.
Suppose the youngest customer was 12 and the oldest was 72. To study the distribution of the
age among its customers, it can use a Pareto chart.

Accepted Answer

A Pareto chart is used to represent the relative frequency or size of categories in descending order. It is not appropriate for continuous numerical data like age. A histogram or a box plot would be more appropriate for studying the distribution of age among Apple's customers.

Question 16

The relative frequency is the frequency in each class divided by the total number
of observations.

Accepted Answer

This statement accurately describes the concept of relative frequency.

Question 17

Histograms are used for numerical data while bar charts are suitable for
categorical data.

Accepted Answer

This is because histograms display the distribution of numerical data while bar charts compare values of different categories.

Question 18

The percentage distribution cannot be constructed from the frequency
distribution directly.

Accepted Answer

The percentage distribution can be calculated by dividing each frequency by the total number of observations and then multiplying by 100. So, it is possible to construct the percentage distribution from the frequency distribution.

Question 19

Ogives are plotted at the midpoints of the class groupings.

Accepted Answer

Ogives are cumulative frequency graphs and are plotted at the upper boundaries of the class intervals, not at the midpoints.

Question 20

The original data values cannot be determined once they are grouped into a
frequency distribution table.

Accepted Answer

When data is grouped into a frequency distribution table, the individual values are not shown. Instead, they are replaced by class intervals or ranges. While the frequency distribution provides useful information about the distribution of the data, it does not allow us to determine the exact values of the original data points.

Quiz 2: Organizing and Visualizing

One of the advantages of a pie chart is that it clearly shows that the total of all the categories of the pie adds to 100%.

A histogram can have gaps between the bars, whereas bar charts cannot have gaps.

Apple Computer, Inc. collected information on the age of their customers. Suppose the youngest customer was 12 and the oldest was 72. To study the percentage of their customers who are below a certain age, it can use an ogive.

A Walmart store in a small town monitors customer complaints and organizes these complaints into six distinct categories. Over the past year, suppose the company has received 534 complaints. One possible graphical method for representing these data would be a Pareto chart.

Percentage polygons are plotted at the boundaries of the class groupings.

A side-by-side bar chart is two histograms plotted side-by-side.

If you wish to construct a graph of a relative frequency distribution, you would most likely construct an ogive first.

An ogive is a cumulative percentage polygon.

Apple Computer, Inc. collected information on the age of their customers. Suppose the youngest customer was 12 and the oldest was 72. To study the distribution of the age among its customers, it can use a percentage polygon.

The larger the number of observations in a numerical data set, the larger the number of class intervals needed for a grouped frequency distribution.

Apple Computer, Inc. collected information on the age of their customers. Suppose the youngest customer was 12 and the oldest was 72. To study the distribution of the age among its customers, it is best to use a pie chart.

The main principle behind the Pareto chart is the ability to separate the "vital few" from the "trivial many."

Determining the class boundaries of a frequency distribution is highly subjective.

The stem-and-leaf display is often superior to the frequency distribution in that it maintains the original values for further analysis.

Apple Computer, Inc. collected information on the age of their customers. Suppose the youngest customer was 12 and the oldest was 72. To study the distribution of the age among its customers, it can use a Pareto chart.

The relative frequency is the frequency in each class divided by the total number of observations.

Histograms are used for numerical data while bar charts are suitable for categorical data.

The percentage distribution cannot be constructed from the frequency distribution directly.

Ogives are plotted at the midpoints of the class groupings.

The original data values cannot be determined once they are grouped into a frequency distribution table.