Question 1

What is meant by selection bias?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is meant by selection bias?...

Question 2

Which type of problem has occurred when inaccuracies exist in the values of the data recorded?
A)nonresponse bias
B)selection bias
C)measurement error

Accepted Answer

Measurement error occurs when there are inaccuracies in the values of the data recorded, reflecting errors in how the data were measured, recorded, or collected.

Question 3

A health food company has the following statement on their new product packaging:
ʺPrevents all types of cancer!ʺ (Fact: Past studies have shown that some ingredients in the
new product have been know to possibly reduce the risk of many types of cancer).
Discuss why it is unethical to make this statement.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A health food company has the following...

Question 4

A county planning commission is attempted to survey 1500 households from the counties 400,000 households. A random sample was selected and surveys were mailed to the randomly selected
Households, but only 1075 were returned. The inability to collect data from the 425 households that
Didnʹt return the survey would be considered which type of sampling problem?
A)measurement error
B)nonresponse bias
C)selection bias

Accepted Answer

Nonresponse bias occurs when a significant number of participants selected for a survey do not respond, potentially leading to results that are not representative of the entire population. In this case, the 425 households that did not return the survey could cause such a bias.

Question 5

Define statistical thinking.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Define statistical thinking....

Question 6

A researcher studying malnutrition among children in a developing country collected weights of a random sample of children using a scale that she had set to give weights 2.5 kilograms less than
The actual weight. Which statement best describes this situation?
A)Measurement error has occurred, and the researcher is guilty of unethical statistical practice.
B)Measurement error has occurred, but the researcher is not guilty of unethical statistical practice.
C)Measurement error has not occurred, and the researcher is not guilty of unethical statistical practice.
D)Measurement error has not occurred, but the researcher is guilty of unethical statistical practice.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A researcher studying malnutrition among children in...

Question 7

A university was interested in student reaction to a proposal to spend more on athletic scholarships and less on academic scholarships. 35 student athletes were surveyed. What type of
Problem has occurred?
A)nonresponse bias
B)selection bias
C)measurement error

Accepted Answer

The problem is selection bias because the survey only included student athletes, who may have a biased perspective towards athletic scholarships, rather than a diverse group of students that would provide a more balanced view.

Question 8

The way in which an interviewer asks a question about political party affiliation causes respondents to answer that they have no affiliation when they actually do. What type of problem
Has occurred?
A)measurement error
B)nonresponse bias
C)selection bias

Accepted Answer

This is a measurement error because the way the question is asked influences the accuracy of the response, leading to incorrect or misleading data.

Question 9

A student completing a research project for a criminal justice class obtained a radar gun for determining automobile speeds and recorded the speeds of automobiles passing a fixed location
Over a period of several hours. The student was unaware that the device needed to be recharged
After two hours of use and that the speeds recorded after two hours were not reliable. What type of
Problem has occurred?
A)nonresponse bias
B)selection bias
C)measurement error

Accepted Answer

The problem described is a measurement error because the radar gun, which was used to measure the speeds of automobiles, was not functioning properly after two hours due to not being recharged, leading to unreliable speed recordings.

Question 10

Because of the possible legal consequences, many people in a sample of the U.S. population chose not to participate in a survey regarding illegal drug use. What type of problem has occurred?
A)measurement error
B)selection bias
C)nonresponse bias

Accepted Answer

Nonresponse bias occurs when individuals chosen for a survey do not participate, and their non-participation can lead to results that are not representative of the entire population. In this case, people avoiding the survey due to concerns about legal consequences of admitting illegal drug use can cause the survey results to inaccurately reflect the true levels of drug use in the population.

Question 11

When using data from a published source, it is not important to know how the data were collected
and whether randomization was used.

Accepted Answer

Understanding how data were collected and whether randomization was used is crucial for assessing the validity, reliability, and applicability of the data to different contexts or research questions.

Question 12

Give an example of unethical statistical practice.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Give an example of unethical statistical practice....

Question 13

A middle school was interested in surveying their students to find out opinions about the schools media center. To facilitate data collection, the homeroom period was extended 30 minutes to allow
Everyone in the school ample time to respond to a short questionnaire. Unfortunately, it was
Learned after the surveys had been completed that all honors students in the middle school were
On an all-day field trip and away from school for the entire day. The exclusion of their input into
The survey would be considered which type of sampling problem?
A)nonresponse bias
B)measurement error
C)selection bias

Accepted Answer

The exclusion of honors students due to their absence on the day of the survey introduces a selection bias, as a specific subgroup of the population (honors students) was not given the opportunity to participate, potentially skewing the results.

Question 14

What term is used to describe the situation where sampling units contained in a sample do
not produce sample observations?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What term is used to describe the...

Question 15

In one study of the moral of companyʹs employees, 10 employees were randomly chosen
from each of the departments within the company. Identify the sampling design used.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In one study of the moral of...

Question 16

A watchdog group is investigating how people are treated during the foreclosure process. Surveys were mailed to a random sample of 300 people who had recently been threatened with foreclosure.
75 of the surveys were returned by the postal service because the intended recipients had moved
And left no forwarding address. What type of problem has occurred?
A)selection bias
B)nonresponse bias
C)measurement error

Accepted Answer

Nonresponse bias occurs because the surveys were not returned by a significant portion of the sample, meaning the responses collected may not accurately represent the entire group.

Question 17

In an attempt to determine the ages of its customers, one store asked every tenth customer
who entered the store his or her age. Identify the sampling design used.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In an attempt to determine the ages...

Quiz 1: Statistics, Data, and Statistical Thinking

What is meant by selection bias?

Which type of problem has occurred when inaccuracies exist in the values of the data recorded?

Define statistical thinking.

A researcher studying malnutrition among children in a developing country collected weights of a random sample of children using a scale that she had set to give weights 2.5 kilograms less than The actual weight. Which statement best describes this situation?

A university was interested in student reaction to a proposal to spend more on athletic scholarships and less on academic scholarships. 35 student athletes were surveyed. What type of Problem has occurred?

The way in which an interviewer asks a question about political party affiliation causes respondents to answer that they have no affiliation when they actually do. What type of problem Has occurred?

Because of the possible legal consequences, many people in a sample of the U.S. population chose not to participate in a survey regarding illegal drug use. What type of problem has occurred?

When using data from a published source, it is not important to know how the data were collected and whether randomization was used.

Give an example of unethical statistical practice.

What term is used to describe the situation where sampling units contained in a sample do not produce sample observations?

In one study of the moral of companyʹs employees, 10 employees were randomly chosen from each of the departments within the company. Identify the sampling design used.

In an attempt to determine the ages of its customers, one store asked every tenth customer who entered the store his or her age. Identify the sampling design used.