Question 1

An elevator accelerates upward with an acceleration equal to the acceleration of gravity. A ray of light emitted from one wall inside the elevation at a height h relative to the floor of the elevator will hit the opposite wall at a height (relative to the floor)
A)greater than h.
B)less than h.
C)equal to h.

Accepted Answer

The answer of An elevator accelerates upward with an acceleration...

Question 2

A planet of mass M has a moon of mass m in a circular orbit of radius R. An object is placed between the planet and the moon on the line joining the center of the planet to the center of the moon so that the net gravitational force on the object is zero. How far is the object placed from the center of the planet?
A) 
 R
B)  R
C)  R
D) 
 R
E)  R

Accepted Answer

The answer of A planet of mass M has a...

Question 3

Kepler's second law tells us that a planet sweepa out equal areas in equal times. If you compare the amount of area per time swept by Earth with the one of Jupiter, you would conclude:
A)They sweep the same area per time.
B)Jupiter sweeps a larger area per time because it has much more mass than Earth.
C)Jupiter sweeps a larger area per time because it has a much larger orbital path than Earth.
D)Earth sweeps a larger area per time because it has much less mass than Jupiter.
E)Earth sweeps a larger area per time because it has a much smaller orbital path than Jupiter.

Accepted Answer

Kepler's second law implies that the area swept out per unit time is related to the orbital speed and distance from the Sun. Jupiter, having a larger orbit, sweeps out a larger area per time compared to Earth.

Question 4

At their closest approach, Venus and Earth are 4.20 × 10¹⁰ m apart. The mass of Venus is 4.87 × 10²⁴ kg, the mass of Earth is 5.97 × 10²⁴ kg, and G = 6.67 x 10^-11 N•m²/kg². What is the force exerted by Venus on Earth at that point? A)1.10 × 10¹⁸ N B)4.62 × 10²⁸ N C)5.43 × 10²⁶ N D)6.30 × 10²⁰ N E)1.72 × 10¹⁹ N

Accepted Answer

The answer of At their closest approach, Venus and Earth...

Question 5

List the four fundamental forces in nature.
A)gravitational, normal, tension, friction
B)gravitational, normal, kinetic friction, static friction
C)gravitational, electromagnetic, strong nuclear, weak nuclear
D)gravitational, electromagnetic, contact, nuclear
E)gravitational, contact, strong nuclear, weak nuclear

Accepted Answer

The four fundamental forces in nature are gravitational, electromagnetic, strong nuclear, and weak nuclear forces. These are the basic interactions that govern the behavior of matter and energy in the universe.

Question 6

Planet Z-34 has a mass equal to one-third that of Earth and a radius equal to one-third that of Earth. With g representing, as usual, the acceleration due to gravity on the surface of Earth, the acceleration due to gravity on the surface of Z-34 is
A)g/3.
B)3 g.
C)6 g.
D)g/9.
E)9 g.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Planet Z-34 has a mass equal to...

Question 7

What is the distance from the moon to the point between Earth and the Moon where the gravitational pulls of Earth and Moon are equal? The mass of Earth is 5.97 × 10²⁴ kg, the mass of the Moon is 7.35 × 10²² kg, the distance between Earth and the Moon is 3.84 × 10⁸ m, and G = 6.67 x 10^-11 N•m²/kg². A)3.45 × 10⁸ m B)3.83 × 10⁷ m C)4.69 × 10⁶ m D)3.83 × 10⁶ m E)4.69 × 10⁷ m

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the distance from the moon...

Question 8

You ride on an elevator that is moving with constant upward acceleration while standing on a bathroom scale. The reading on the scale is
A)equal to your true weight, mg.
B)more than your true weight, mg.
C)less than your true weight, mg.
D)zero.
E)could be more or less than your true weight, mg, depending on the magnitude of the acceleration.

Accepted Answer

When the elevator accelerates upwards, the scale must support not only your true weight (mg) but also provide the additional force required for the upward acceleration. This results in a reading greater than your true weight.

Question 9

According to Einstein's equivalence principle, which of the following cannot be distinguished from a system accelerating with uniform acceleration in the presence of no gravity by any measurement within the system?
A)a system moving with constant velocity in the presence of no gravitational force
B)a system that only contains massless objects
C)a system that is not accelerating, but is subject to a uniform gravitational acceleration
D)a system that is moving at the speed of light
E)a system in free fall

Accepted Answer

Einstein's equivalence principle states that a system experiencing uniform acceleration is indistinguishable from a system at rest in a uniform gravitational field.

Question 10

A satellite of mass 500 kg orbits the Earth with a period of 6000 s. The Earth has a mass of 5.98 x 10²⁴ kg. (a) Calculate the magnitude of the Earth's gravitational force on the satellite. (b) Determine the altitude of the satellite above the Earth's surface.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A satellite of mass 500 kg orbits...

Question 11

Ordinary forces, such as pushes, pulls, normal forces and friction, are considered to be due to the
A)gravitational force.
B)electromagnetic force.
C)strong nuclear force.
D)weak nuclear force.
E)contact force.

Accepted Answer

Ordinary forces like pushes, pulls, normal forces, and friction are manifestations of the electromagnetic force, as they arise from interactions between charged particles at the atomic level.

Question 12

The hydrogen atom consists of a proton of mass 1.67 × 10^-²⁷ kg and an orbiting electron of mass 9.11 × 10^-³¹ kg. In one of its orbits, the electron is 5.3 × 10^-¹¹ m from the proton. What is the mutual attractive gravitational force between the electron and proton? A)1.8 × 10^-⁴⁷ N B)3.6 × 10^-⁴⁷ N C)5.4 × 10^-⁴⁷ N D)7.0 × 10^-⁴⁷ N E)9.3 × 10^-⁴⁷ N

Accepted Answer

The answer of The hydrogen atom consists of a proton...

Question 13

The International Space Station is orbiting at an altitude of about 370 km above the earth's surface. The mass of the earth is 5.976 × 10²⁴ kg and the radius of the earth is 6.378 × 10⁶ m. (a) Assuming a circular orbit, what is the period of the International Space Station's orbit? (b) Assuming a circular orbit, what is the speed of the International Space Station in its orbit?

Accepted Answer

The answer of The International Space Station is orbiting at...

Question 14

What is the force exerted by the Sun on the earth? The mass of the Sun is 1.99 × 10³⁰ kg, the mass of the earth is 5.97 × 10²⁴ kg, the Earth-Sun distance is 1.50 × 10¹¹ m, and G = 6.67 × 10^-¹¹ N m2/kg2. A)5.28 × 10³³ N B)3.52 × 10²² N C)8.85 × 10⁸ N D)7.25 × 10¹⁹ N E)9.32 × 10¹¹ N

Accepted Answer

The gravitational force is calculated using Newton's law of universal gravitation: F = G * (m1 * m2) / r^2. Substituting the given values results in approximately 3.52 × 10^22 N.

Question 15

A satellite orbits just above the Earth's surface. (a) Calculate the period of the satellite. (b) Calculate the speed of the satellite.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A satellite orbits just above the Earth's...

Question 16

You ride on an elevator that is moving upward with constant speed while standing on a bathroom scale. The reading on the scale is
A)equal to your true weight, mg.
B)more than your true weight, mg.
C)less than your true weight, mg.
D)zero.
E)could be more or less than your true weight, mg, depending on the value of the speed.

Accepted Answer

When the elevator moves upward with constant speed, there is no net acceleration. Therefore, the reading on the scale is equal to your true weight, mg.

Question 17

During a lunar eclipse, the Moon, Earth, and Sun all lie on the same line, with the Earth between the Moon and the Sun. The Moon has a mass of 7.36 × 10²² kg; the Earth has a mass of 5.98 × 10²⁴ kg; and the Sun has a mass of 1.99 × 10³⁰ kg. The separation between the Moon and the Earth is given by 3.84 × 10⁸ m; the separation between the Earth and the Sun is given by 1.496 × 10¹¹ m. (a) Calculate the force exerted on the Earth by the Moon. (b) Calculate the force exerted on the Earth by the Sun. (c) Calculate the net force exerted on the Earth by the Moon and the Sun.

Accepted Answer

The answer of During a lunar eclipse, the Moon, Earth,...

Question 18

A spherical shell of inner diameter R and outer diameter 3R has a uniform density ρ. What is the magnitude of the gravitational acceleration a distance 2R from the center of the spherical shell?
A)15πGρR/7
B)32πGρR/5
C)25πGρR/12
D)7πGρR/6
E)7πGρR/3

Accepted Answer

The answer of A spherical shell of inner diameter R...

Question 19

Because Earth's orbit is slightly elliptical, Earth actually gets closer to the Sun during part of the year. When Earth is closer to the Sun its orbital speed is
A)less than when Earth is farthest away from the Sun.
B)the same as when Earth is farthest away from the Sun.
C)greater than when Earth is farthest away from the Sun.
D)sometimes greater sometimes smaller than when Earth is farthest away from the Sun.

Accepted Answer

According to Kepler's Second Law, Earth orbits around the Sun in an elliptical path, with the Sun at one of the foci of the ellipse. As a result, when Earth is closer to the Sun (at perihelion), it experiences a stronger gravitational pull, which causes it to accelerate and move faster in its orbit. When Earth is farther away from the Sun (at aphelion), it experiences a weaker gravitational pull and moves slower in its orbit. Therefore, the orbital speed of Earth is greater when it is closest to the Sun and decreases as it moves farther away from the Sun. So, the correct choice is C.

Question 20

An object with mass m is located halfway between an object of mass M and an object of mass 3M that are separated by a distance d. What is the magnitude of the force on the object with mass m? A)8GMm/d² B)4GMm/d² C)3GMm/2d² D)GMm/(2d²) E)GMm/(4d²)

Accepted Answer

The force on the object with mass m is due to the gravitational forces of the two other objects. The force due to the object with mass M is GMm/d^2, and the force due to the object with mass 3M is 3GMm/d^2. The net force on the object with mass m is the sum of these two forces, which is 4GMm/d^2.

Quiz 6: Gravitation and Newtons6 Synthesis

An elevator accelerates upward with an acceleration equal to the acceleration of gravity. A ray of light emitted from one wall inside the elevation at a height h relative to the floor of the elevator will hit the opposite wall at a height (relative to the floor)

Kepler's second law tells us that a planet sweepa out equal areas in equal times. If you compare the amount of area per time swept by Earth with the one of Jupiter, you would conclude:

At their closest approach, Venus and Earth are 4.20 × 1010 m apart. The mass of Venus is 4.87 × 1024 kg, the mass of Earth is 5.97 × 1024 kg, and G = 6.67 x 10-11 N•m2/kg2. What is the force exerted by Venus on Earth at that point?

List the four fundamental forces in nature.

Planet Z-34 has a mass equal to one-third that of Earth and a radius equal to one-third that of Earth. With g representing, as usual, the acceleration due to gravity on the surface of Earth, the acceleration due to gravity on the surface of Z-34 is

You ride on an elevator that is moving with constant upward acceleration while standing on a bathroom scale. The reading on the scale is

According to Einstein's equivalence principle, which of the following cannot be distinguished from a system accelerating with uniform acceleration in the presence of no gravity by any measurement within the system?

A satellite of mass 500 kg orbits the Earth with a period of 6000 s. The Earth has a mass of 5.98 x 1024 kg. (a) Calculate the magnitude of the Earth's gravitational force on the satellite. (b) Determine the altitude of the satellite above the Earth's surface.

Ordinary forces, such as pushes, pulls, normal forces and friction, are considered to be due to the

The hydrogen atom consists of a proton of mass 1.67 × 10-27 kg and an orbiting electron of mass 9.11 × 10-31 kg. In one of its orbits, the electron is 5.3 × 10-11 m from the proton. What is the mutual attractive gravitational force between the electron and proton?

What is the force exerted by the Sun on the earth? The mass of the Sun is 1.99 × 1030 kg, the mass of the earth is 5.97 × 1024 kg, the Earth-Sun distance is 1.50 × 1011 m, and G = 6.67 × 10-11 N m2/kg2.

A satellite orbits just above the Earth's surface. (a) Calculate the period of the satellite. (b) Calculate the speed of the satellite.

You ride on an elevator that is moving upward with constant speed while standing on a bathroom scale. The reading on the scale is

A spherical shell of inner diameter R and outer diameter 3R has a uniform density ρ. What is the magnitude of the gravitational acceleration a distance 2R from the center of the spherical shell?

Because Earth's orbit is slightly elliptical, Earth actually gets closer to the Sun during part of the year. When Earth is closer to the Sun its orbital speed is

An object with mass m is located halfway between an object of mass M and an object of mass 3M that are separated by a distance d. What is the magnitude of the force on the object with mass m?

At their closest approach, Venus and Earth are 4.20 × 10¹⁰ m apart. The mass of Venus is 4.87 × 10²⁴ kg, the mass of Earth is 5.97 × 10²⁴ kg, and G = 6.67 x 10^-11 N•m²/kg². What is the force exerted by Venus on Earth at that point?

A satellite of mass 500 kg orbits the Earth with a period of 6000 s. The Earth has a mass of 5.98 x 10²⁴ kg. (a) Calculate the magnitude of the Earth's gravitational force on the satellite. (b) Determine the altitude of the satellite above the Earth's surface.

The hydrogen atom consists of a proton of mass 1.67 × 10^-²⁷ kg and an orbiting electron of mass 9.11 × 10^-³¹ kg. In one of its orbits, the electron is 5.3 × 10^-¹¹ m from the proton. What is the mutual attractive gravitational force between the electron and proton?

What is the force exerted by the Sun on the earth? The mass of the Sun is 1.99 × 10³⁰ kg, the mass of the earth is 5.97 × 10²⁴ kg, the Earth-Sun distance is 1.50 × 10¹¹ m, and G = 6.67 × 10^-¹¹ N m2/kg2.