Question 1

A recent study of students at the university contained data on year in school and student age. An appropriate tool for analyzing the relationship between these two variables would be a joint frequency distribution.

Accepted Answer

A joint frequency distribution is appropriate for analyzing the relationship between two variables, such as year in school and student age, as it allows for the examination of how often each combination of the two variables occurs.

Question 2

If a manager is interested in analyzing the relationship between the age of customers and the dollar volume of business that is done in the store, a relative frequency distribution would be most appropriate.

Accepted Answer

To analyze the relationship between the age of customers and the dollar volume of business, a scatter plot or correlation analysis would be more appropriate, as these methods are used to examine the relationship between two continuous variables. A relative frequency distribution is used to show the frequency of each category relative to the total, which is not suitable for analyzing relationships between variables.

Question 3

When a histogram is constructed for discrete numerical data, there should be spaces between the bars of the histogram.

Accepted Answer

A histogram is used for continuous data, and the bars touch each other to indicate continuity. For discrete numerical data, a bar graph is used, where spaces between the bars are common to show that the data is not continuous.

Question 4

When using the Histogram tool in Excel to construct a frequency distribution and histogram, the bins represent the upper class limits.

Accepted Answer

In Excel, the bins in a histogram represent the upper class limits, which define the intervals for grouping the data.

Question 5

When using the Histogram tool in Excel to construct a frequency distribution and histogram, if the first bin value is 10 and the second bin value is 20, the frequency count for the second class will include all values from 10 up to, but not including, 20.

Accepted Answer

The frequency count for the second class will include all values from 10 up to, but not including, 20. However, the first bin value of 10 is included in the first class, not the second.

Question 6

A joint frequency distribution can be constructed for either quantitative or qualitative data.

Accepted Answer

A joint frequency distribution can be constructed for both quantitative (numerical) and qualitative (categorical) data, as it represents the frequency of occurrences for pairs of variables, regardless of their type.

Question 7

In Excel, joint frequency distributions can be generated using the Pivot Table feature under the Data tab.

Accepted Answer

Pivot Tables in Excel allow users to summarize and analyze large datasets, including the creation of joint frequency distributions by organizing and grouping data in various ways.

Question 8

If you wish to construct a graph of a relative frequency distribution, you would most likely construct an ogive.

Accepted Answer

An ogive is used to represent cumulative frequencies or cumulative relative frequencies, not the relative frequencies of individual categories or classes. For relative frequency distributions, a histogram or a bar chart is typically used.

Question 9

If you have constructed a joint frequency distribution manually and now wish to convert it to a joint relative distribution, the proper method is to divide each cell frequency by the cell's row total.

Accepted Answer

To convert a joint frequency distribution to a joint relative frequency distribution, each cell frequency should be divided by the total number of observations, not just the row total. This converts frequencies into proportions or percentages of the overall dataset.

Question 10

When the Histogram tool in Excel is used to construct a frequency distribution and histogram, the default histogram is in the proper format and will require only that you add appropriate labels.

Accepted Answer

The default histogram created by Excel's Histogram tool may require adjustments beyond just adding labels, such as changing bin ranges or modifying the axis scale, to ensure it accurately represents the data.

Question 11

Consider a situation in which both a frequency distribution and a relative frequency distribution have been developed for the same quantitative variable. If histograms are constructed from each distribution, the graphs will appear to have the same shape.

Accepted Answer

Both histograms will have the same shape because the relative frequency distribution is simply a normalized version of the frequency distribution, affecting the y-axis scale but not the shape of the distribution.

Question 12

In Excel a joint frequency distribution table can be created using a tool called PivotTable.

Accepted Answer

PivotTable in Excel allows users to summarize, analyze, explore, and present summary data, making it suitable for creating joint frequency distribution tables by categorizing and counting occurrences of variables in a dataset.

Question 13

A joint frequency distribution is used to describe the number of occurrences where two observations in a data set have the same value.

Accepted Answer

A joint frequency distribution describes the frequency of combinations of values from two or more variables, not the number of occurrences where two observations have the same value.

Question 14

After developing a frequency distribution for a quantitative variable, a histogram can be developed with the horizontal axis representing the values of the variable and the vertical axis representing the frequency of occurrence in each class or group.

Accepted Answer

A histogram is a graphical representation of the distribution of numerical data, where the horizontal axis represents the values of the variable (divided into bins or classes), and the vertical axis shows the frequency of occurrence within each bin or class.

Question 15

Another name for a joint frequency distribution is a cross-tabulation table.

Accepted Answer

A joint frequency distribution, which shows the frequency of different combinations of two variables, is indeed commonly referred to as a cross-tabulation (cross-tab) table.

Question 16

A histogram can be constructed for data that are either quantitative or qualitative.

Accepted Answer

A histogram is constructed for quantitative data, not qualitative data, because it represents the distribution of numerical values, not categories.

Question 17

Two separate frequency distributions for two variables provide the same information as one joint frequency distribution involving the same two variables.

Accepted Answer

A joint frequency distribution combines the information of two variables into one table, showing the frequency of each pair of variables occurring together, which cannot be fully discerned from two separate frequency distributions that only show the frequencies of individual variables independently.

Question 18

In a recent study of retail daily sales by stores at a mall in Kansas, the minimum daily sales was $700 and the maximum was $51,000. If you wish to construct a frequency distribution with 10 classes, the minimum class width would be $5,100.

Accepted Answer

The range of the sales is $51,000 - $700 = $50,300. To find the minimum class width for 10 classes, divide the range by the number of classes: $50,300 / 10 = $5,030.

Question 19

A histogram can be used to display a joint frequency distribution between two quantitative variables.

Accepted Answer

A histogram is used to display the distribution of a single quantitative variable, not a joint frequency distribution between two quantitative variables. Scatter plots or heat maps are more appropriate for showing relationships between two quantitative variables.

Question 20

An ogive is a graph that shows cumulative relative frequency.

Accepted Answer

An ogive is indeed a type of graph that represents the cumulative frequencies or cumulative relative frequencies of a dataset, typically used to show how the total frequency of the data builds up as you move through the dataset.

Quiz 2: Graphs, Charts and Tablesdescribing Your Data