The Primary Care Pediatric Nurse Practitioner Is Managing a 6­year­old

The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner is managing a 6­year­old child
who has chronic constipation and encopresis. The nurse practitioner has ruled out neurogenic etiology. The parents report that the child was difficult to toilet train as a toddler. What is key to managing this child's condition?

A) Encouraging use of maintenance medications for at least 2 months after resolution of constipation
B) Referral to a mental health consultant to manage problems in the parent­child dyad
C) Spending time with the parents to uncover their feelings about their child's condition
D) Teaching the parents that the symptom of stool retention is often voluntary for the child