Question 1

List the variables reported in the Consumer Reports Magazine article on tipping. If
the variable is quantitative, give the units. If the variable is categorical, indicate whether
it is nominal or ordinal.

Accepted Answer

Categorical: Whether or not someone tipped this year and/or previous year (nominal), type of tipping-gift or money (nominal), service provider who was tipped (nominal), level of tipping-low, medium, high (ordinal)
Quantitative: Median value of tip (\$),

Question 2

In the fall of 2007, the Pew Internet & Life Project conducted telephone interviews with a sample of American adults aged 18 and older about online shopping. American
Adults aged 18 and older constitute the ______ of the study.

Accepted Answer

The "who" in a study refers to the population or the specific group of people being studied or surveyed. In this case, American adults aged 18 and older are the group being studied about their online shopping habits, making them the "who" of the study.

Question 3

A Consumer Reports Health study on arthritis drugs takes into consideration cost. Cost is

Accepted Answer

Cost is a quantitative variable as it can be measured and quantified in numerical values.

Question 4

Consumer Reports Health routinely compares drugs in terms of effectiveness and safety. In summer 2008 they reviewed drugs used to treat arthritis. Among the
Information reported was convenience of use (how many pills required each day) and
Possible side effects (e.g., dizziness, stomach upset). Convenience of use and possible
Side effects constitute the ________ of the study.

Accepted Answer

Convenience of use and possible side effects are the key pieces of information reported by Consumer Reports Health, making them the focus of the study or "what" is being studied. The other options (who, when, where, how) are not relevant to the information provided.

Question 5

For each of the following, indicate whether the data are cross-sectional or time series: - Monthly spending on household goods
- Change in population for 5 consecutive years
- Composition of types of Asian American families in the most populated U.S. cities.
- Monthly demand for a technology item
- Percentage of adults who purchase goods online

Accepted Answer

The answer of For each of the following, indicate whether...

Question 6

The Pew Internet & Life Project study about online shopping asked respondents to indicate their education level on the following scale: Less than High School, High
School, Some College, College +. Which of the following statements is (are) true?

Accepted Answer

Education level is a categorical variable that can be further classified into different levels of educational attainment. This classification creates an order or hierarchy that makes education level an ordinal scaled variable.

Question 7

In addition to the variables listed above, data were also collected on the variables
listed below. Indicate whether each is nominal or ordinal.
• Region (NE, NW, MW, SW, SE) Nominal
• Education (Less than High School, High School, Some College, College +) Ordinal
• Marital Status (Single, Widowed, Divorced, Married) Nominal

Accepted Answer

The answer of In addition to the variables listed above,...

Question 8

A Consumer Reports Health study on the effectiveness and safety of arthritis drugs collected data on possible side effects. This is what kind of variable?

Accepted Answer

The variable being studied is side effects of arthritis drugs, which is a categorical variable because it involves responses that are grouped into categories (e.g. nausea, dizziness, etc.) and nominal because there is no inherent order or ranking to the categories.

Question 9

Consumer Reports Health routinely compares drugs in terms of effectiveness and
safety. In summer 2008 they reviewed drugs used to treat arthritis. Information was
reported on convenience of use (how many pills required each day), possible side effects
(e.g., dizziness, stomach upset), cost, and ratings of effectiveness in relieving symptoms
(very effective, somewhat effective, not effective). Describe the W's for the information
given. - Who:
- What:
- When:
- Where:
- How:
- Why:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Consumer Reports Health routinely compares drugs in...

Question 10

Businesses in a U.S. city were surveyed about information to provide to prospective
employees after graduating from business school. The table displays some of these data.
List the variables in the data set. Indicate whether each variable is categorical or
quantitative. If the variable is quantitative, give the units. If the variable is categorical,
indicate whether it is nominal or ordinal. $$\begin{array} { | c | c | c | c | } 
\hline \begin{array} { c } 
\text { Employment } \
\text { Category }
\end{array} & \begin{array} { c } 
\text { Require an MBA } \
\text { Degree? }
\end{array} & \begin{array} { c } 
\text { Level of Work } \
\text { Experience } \
\text { Preferred? }
\end{array} & \begin{array} { l } 
\text { Median Salary of } \
\text { New Graduates }
\end{array} \
\hline \text { Sales } & \text { No } & \text { None } & \$ 35,000 \
\hline \text { Management } & \text { Yes } & \text { Extensive } & \$ 47,000 \
\hline \text { Accounting } & \text { No } & \text { Moderate } & \$ 52,000 \
\hline \text { Advertising } & \text { No } & \text { None } & \$ 45,000 \
\hline
\end{array}$$

Accepted Answer

The answer of Businesses in a U.S. city were surveyed...

Question 11

The following tables display some of the demographic data collected in a recent
(2012) Nielsen Global Survey analyzing Asian American purchasing behaviors and
television viewing patterns. List the variables in the data set. Indicate whether each
variable is categorical or quantitative. If the variable is quantitative, give the units.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The following tables display some of the...

Question 12

Viamedia, the cable industry's leading independent cable rep firm and provider of
online advertising services, sponsored an online survey in June, 2013 to
understand television viewing habits. The survey was given to 2,029 American
adults age 18 and older, of whom 1,958 watch television programming. Of
interest was how Americans watched television -72% watch cable TV while 33%
watch on a device (tablet, smartphone, computer). Describe the W's for the
information given. - Who:
- What:
- When:
- Where:
- How:
- Why:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Viamedia, the cable industry's leading independent cable...

Question 13

The Human Resources Department of a large corporation maintains records on its
employees. The table displays some of these data. List the variables in the data set.
Indicate whether each variable is categorical or quantitative. If the variable is
quantitative, give the units. If the variable is categorical, indicate whether it is nominal or
ordinal. $$\begin{array} { | c | c | c | c | c | } 
\hline \text { Age } & \begin{array} { c } 
\text { Employment } \
\text { Category }
\end{array} & \text { Education } & \begin{array} { c } 
\text { Participates in } \
\text { Wellness Program? }
\end{array} & \begin{array} { l } 
\text { Paycheck Benefit } \
\text { Deductions }
\end{array} \
\hline 32 & \text { Clerical } & \text { High School } & \text { Yes } & \$ 250 \
\hline 52 & \text { Professional } & \text { College } & \text { No } & \$ 120 \
\hline 60 & \text { Professional } & \text { Junior College } & \text { Yes } & \$ 0 \
\hline 28 & \text { Clerical } & \text { High School } & \text { No } & \$ 120 \
\hline
\end{array}$$

Accepted Answer

The answer of The Human Resources Department of a large...

Question 14

Which of the following is (are) based on cross sectional data?

Accepted Answer

Cross sectional data refers to data collected at a single point in time, rather than over a period of time. Option B is based on data collected at a single point in time (the percentage of American adults who work full time) while options A and C are based on data collected over a period of time (company profits and stock prices). Therefore, option B is the only one based on cross sectional data.

Question 15

A few of the variables for which data were collected in the Pew Internet & Life Project study about online shopping include age, gender, income, and number of hours
Spent shopping online per month. Which of the variables is categorical?

Accepted Answer

Categorical variables are those that represent characteristics or qualities, such as gender or categories of income. In this case, gender is a categorical variable because it represents a characteristic of the individual. Age, income, and number of hours spent shopping online per month are all numerical variables and therefore not categorical.

Question 16

The Human Resources Department of a large corporation maintains records on its employees. Data are maintained of the following variables: Age, Employment Category,
Education, Whether or not the employee participates in a wellness program, and
Paycheck benefit deductions. Which of these variables are categorical?

Accepted Answer

Categorical variables are qualitative variables that can be sorted into specific categories or groups, such as employment category (e.g. full-time, part-time), education (e.g. high school degree, college degree), and whether or not an employee participates in a wellness program (e.g. yes or no). Age and paycheck benefit deductions are quantitative variables, meaning they are numerical measurements. Therefore, the categorical variables in this scenario are Employment Category, Education, and Whether or not the employee participates in a wellness program.

Question 17

List the variables reported in the Consumer Reports Health article on drugs used to
treat arthritis. If the variable is quantitative, give the units. If the variable is categorical,
indicate whether it is nominal or ordinal.

Accepted Answer

The answer of List the variables reported in the Consumer...

Question 18

For each of the following, indicate whether the data are cross-sectional or time series:
• Dow Jones Index
• Eating habits by age group
• Attitudes toward abortion over past 10 years
• Voting behavior data for a particular neighborhood

Accepted Answer

The answer of For each of the following, indicate whether...

Question 19

What is the "Who" in a Consumer Reports Health study on the effectiveness and safety of drugs used to treat arthritis?

Accepted Answer

The "Who" in the study refers to the drugs to treat arthritis currently on the market.

Question 20

Consumer Reports National Research Center routinely compares products and
services. A poll of more than 1,800 U.S. residents was conducted shortly after the 2008
holiday season. What they found was that fewer people than in the previous year tipped
their service providers (newspaper carrier, barber, mail carrier, hairdresser, garbage
collector) or the amount that consumers tip for specific services was reduced..
Information was reported on the type of service, whether a tip or gift was given, and the
median total value of the tip. Describe the W's for the information given.
• Who:
• What:
• When:
• Where:
• How:
• Why:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Consumer Reports National Research Center routinely compares...

Quiz 1: Data and Decisions

List the variables reported in the Consumer Reports Magazine article on tipping. If the variable is quantitative, give the units. If the variable is categorical, indicate whether it is nominal or ordinal.

In the fall of 2007, the Pew Internet & Life Project conducted telephone interviews with a sample of American adults aged 18 and older about online shopping. American Adults aged 18 and older constitute the ______ of the study.

A Consumer Reports Health study on arthritis drugs takes into consideration cost. Cost is

The Pew Internet & Life Project study about online shopping asked respondents to indicate their education level on the following scale: Less than High School, High School, Some College, College +. Which of the following statements is (are) true?

A Consumer Reports Health study on the effectiveness and safety of arthritis drugs collected data on possible side effects. This is what kind of variable?

Which of the following is (are) based on cross sectional data?

A few of the variables for which data were collected in the Pew Internet & Life Project study about online shopping include age, gender, income, and number of hours Spent shopping online per month. Which of the variables is categorical?

List the variables reported in the Consumer Reports Health article on drugs used to treat arthritis. If the variable is quantitative, give the units. If the variable is categorical, indicate whether it is nominal or ordinal.

For each of the following, indicate whether the data are cross-sectional or time series: • Dow Jones Index • Eating habits by age group • Attitudes toward abortion over past 10 years • Voting behavior data for a particular neighborhood

What is the "Who" in a Consumer Reports Health study on the effectiveness and safety of drugs used to treat arthritis?