Question 1

According to information-processing theories, young children have particular difficulty with planning because:

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to information-processing theories, young children have...

Question 2

Natalie is trying to balance a tall stack of books, but they keep falling. She remembers that the best way to create a block tower is to place the larger blocks at the bottom and the smaller blocks on the top, so she puts all of the large books on her desk first and then places the smaller books on top of them. Information- processing theorists would point out that Natalie has used _____to solve her problem.

Accepted Answer

Natalie used analogical reasoning by applying a known strategy (stacking larger blocks at the bottom) to a new but similar problem (stacking books).

Question 3

The ______approach is especially concerned with how variable children's thinking is?

Accepted Answer

The overlapping-waves approach focuses on the variability in children's thinking, emphasizing how children use different strategies at different times to solve problems.

Question 4

Core-knowledge theorists view the fact that virtually all children in all societies master the basic grammar of their native language quickly and effortlessly as evidence of:

Accepted Answer

Core-knowledge theorists argue that the rapid and effortless mastery of language by children suggests the presence of an innate, specialized language-learning mechanism, such as the one proposed by Noam Chomsky.

Question 5

With which of the following statements would a core- knowledge theorist NOT agree?

Accepted Answer

Children are not born with all they need to know about the physics of animate and inanimate objects.

Question 6

Understanding new problems by recognizing parallels with familiar problems is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

Analogical reasoning involves solving new problems by identifying similarities with previously encountered problems and applying known solutions.

Question 7

theory(ies) places particular emphasis on infants' and young children's early understandings.

Accepted Answer

Core-knowledge theory emphasizes the idea that infants and young children have innate knowledge systems or structures that help them understand the world, focusing on early cognitive development.

Question 8

Mira, who is 8 years old, has loved animals since she was a preschooler, and she knows lots of information about them. She takes a trip to the zoo with her friend, Danielle. Danielle is 10 years old, and although she likes animals, she does not know nearly as much about them as Mira does. According to information-processing theories, who is likely to learn more from a guided tour by an animal expert, Mira or Danielle?

Accepted Answer

Mira's existing knowledge about animals provides a framework that helps her understand and remember new information more effectively.

Question 9

Which of the following statements about content knowledge is NOT true?

Accepted Answer

Content knowledge generally aids in learning by providing a framework for understanding and integrating new information, rather than interfering with it.

Question 10

An 11-month-old infant would be MOST likely to use analogical reasoning when new and old problems are the same in terms of:

Accepted Answer

At 11 months, infants can use analogical reasoning when new and old problems are the same in terms of color, shape, and location.

Question 11

With which of the following statements does the overlapping-waves approach agree?

Accepted Answer

The answer of With which of the following statements does...

Question 12

Which of the following views best represents core- knowledge theories?

Accepted Answer

Core-knowledge theories suggest that children are born with innate knowledge systems that have evolved over time, making "child as product of evolution" the best representation.

Question 13

With which of the following statements about planning would information-processing theories NOT agree?

Accepted Answer

Information-processing theories suggest that the quality of planning continues to develop and improve beyond preadolescence, rather than stabilizing at that stage.

Question 14

With which of the following statements about analogical reasoning would information-processing theories NOT agree?

Accepted Answer

Information-processing theories suggest that even very young children can use analogical reasoning, although their ability to do so improves with age and experience.

Question 15

In theory(ies), children are born with specialized learning abilities to allow them to easily learn information of evolutionary importance.

Accepted Answer

Core-knowledge theory suggests that children are born with innate, specialized learning abilities that help them acquire knowledge crucial for survival and adaptation.

Question 16

The father of 4-year-old Annabelle and 9-year-old Shana tells his daughters that they need to buy 10 items at the supermarket, including 5 items to make cake (eggs, flour, butter, sugar, and chocolate) and 5 items for lunch (milk, bread, peanut butter, jelly, and apples). He asks Annabelle to help him remember the cake ingredients, and he asks Shana to help him remember the lunch items. Which of the following occurrences is MOST likely to happen?

Accepted Answer

Annabelle is 4 years old, and Shana is 9 years old. Shana is more likely to be able to remember her own five items and pay attention to the other five items. Annabelle is more likely to pay equal attention to all 10 items.

Question 17

Core-knowledge theorists would be MOST likely to believe that there is a specialized learning mechanism for:

Accepted Answer

Core-knowledge theorists argue that humans have innate, domain-specific knowledge systems, such as understanding physical properties like gravity, which are crucial for survival and have evolved over time.

Question 18

Core-knowledge theories hold that children have naive theories of all of the following domains EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

Core-knowledge theories suggest that children have innate understanding in domains like psychology, physics, and biology, but not geography.

Question 19

Core-knowledge theorists believe that humans begin life with:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Core-knowledge theorists believe that humans begin life...

Question 20

Core-knowledge theorists believe that humans are equipped with specialized learning mechanisms for:

Accepted Answer

Core-knowledge theorists argue that humans have evolved specialized learning mechanisms for solving problems that have been crucial for survival and reproduction throughout evolutionary history.

Quiz 4: Theories of Cognitive Development