Question 1

Which is NOT a behavioral change mechanism?

Accepted Answer

Differentiation is not a behavioral change mechanism; it refers to the process of distinguishing or making something different, often used in contexts like biology or marketing.

Question 2

The development of effortful attention involves the contributions of genes, neurotransmitters, interconnections among brain areas, and the external environment. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Change mechanisms working together.

Question 3

The fact that you can't predict how fast a runner a newborn infant will be is best summarized by the idea that:

Accepted Answer

The statement reflects the idea that nature, or inherent traits, do not immediately show their full potential or characteristics, as seen in the unpredictability of a newborn's future abilities.

Question 4

Which area of development shows the highest degree of continuity?

Accepted Answer

Intellectual development tends to show the highest degree of continuity, as cognitive abilities and intelligence are relatively stable over time compared to other areas like emotional or social development.

Question 5

Toby is considered an at-risk child. Which is NOT
particularly relevant to Toby's situation?

Accepted Answer

Toby's game-playing skills are not particularly relevant to addressing the risks he faces, as they do not directly relate to understanding or mitigating the factors contributing to his at-risk status.

Question 6

Which theory helps educators understand children's informal theories?

Accepted Answer

Core-knowledge theory helps educators understand children's informal theories by suggesting that children are born with innate knowledge systems or "core domains" that guide their understanding of the world.

Question 7

Social learning theorists believe that development is:

Accepted Answer

Social learning theorists view development as a continuous process, emphasizing gradual learning and accumulation of behaviors through observation and imitation.

Question 8

Which is NOT an assumption shared by child development stage theories?

Accepted Answer

Stage theories typically assume that transitions between stages are relatively rapid, not slow.

Question 9

Which theory especially helps children master counterintuitive ideas?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which theory especially helps children master counterintuitive...

Question 10

Fetuses learning taste preferences from their mother's diet during pregnancy is an example of:

Accepted Answer

This example illustrates the interaction of nature (biological development) and nurture (environmental influences like the mother's diet) in shaping taste preferences.

Question 11

Which is least important in assessing the dimension of an individual difference?

Accepted Answer

Cultural relevance is least important in assessing the dimension of an individual difference because individual differences are typically assessed based on characteristics that are stable, broad, and predictive, rather than their relevance to a specific culture.

Question 12

Babies who grow up in African tribes that strongly encourage infants' motor development tend to walk and reach other motor milestones earlier than do infants in the United States. This is an example of the effect of_______ on development.

Accepted Answer

The sociocultural context refers to the environment and cultural practices that influence development, such as the encouragement of motor skills in certain African tribes.

Question 13

Toddlers' and preschoolers' continuous "why"
questions exemplify children's:

Accepted Answer

Toddlers' and preschoolers' continuous "why" questions demonstrate their active interpretation of experience as they seek to understand the world around them.

Question 14

Project Head Start and other experimental preschool programs are based on:

Accepted Answer

Project Head Start and similar programs are designed to address and support cognitive development in children at an early age, recognizing the importance of early intervention in educational and developmental outcomes.

Question 15

Which theory best helps educators foster cooperation and collaboration in learning?

Accepted Answer

Sociocultural theory, developed by Vygotsky, emphasizes the importance of social interactions and cultural context in learning, making it effective for fostering cooperation and collaboration.

Question 16

Individual differences:

Accepted Answer

Individual differences can be stable or fluctuate over time, depending on various factors such as environmental influences, life experiences, and developmental changes.

Question 17

Using medication in conjunction with behavioral therapy demonstrates the importance of:

Accepted Answer

Using medication with behavioral therapy highlights the interplay between biological factors (medication) and environmental factors (therapy), showing how they work together in treatment.

Question 18

According to the text, which is NOT a factor in how children become different over time?

Accepted Answer

Height is typically not considered a factor in how children become different over time in terms of personality or behavior dimensions.

Question 19

Child development research can best contribute to the policy question of children's testifying in court cases by:

Accepted Answer

Research in child development can help determine the age at which children can provide reliable testimony, which is crucial for legal proceedings.

Question 20

Ms. Chalk's class is confused about how caterpillars turn into butterflies. Ms. Chalk needs to identify the source of this misunderstanding before she can clarify the class's confusion. Which theory would help her figure this out?

Accepted Answer

Each theory offers a different perspective on learning and understanding. Piaget's theory focuses on developmental stages, information-processing theory examines how information is processed and stored, and core-knowledge theory considers innate knowledge and learning mechanisms. All could provide insights into the students' misunderstandings.

Quiz 16: Conclusions