Question 1

Countries whose health systems are oriented more toward primary care achieve:

Accepted Answer

Countries whose health systems are oriented more toward primary care tend to achieve higher satisfaction with health services among their populations as primary care focuses on prevention, early detection and management of common health problems, building trust and partnership between patients and healthcare providers, and coordination of care across different settings. It can also help reduce unnecessary hospitalizations and costly specialist referrals, leading to more efficient use of resources and improved health outcomes.

Question 2

One reason women's health centers were created is:

Accepted Answer

Women's health centers were created because women seek care more often than men. Women's health centers cater specifically to women's health needs and provide a comfortable and safe environment for them to discuss their health concerns. This also helps in promoting preventative care and early detection of health issues in women.

Question 3

Which country's health care system is founded on the principles of gatekeeping?

Accepted Answer

The UK's health care system is founded on the principles of gatekeeping, where a patient's primary care physician serves as a gatekeeper to other specialized healthcare services. The primary care physician provides and coordinates all aspects of the patient's care and refers the patient to specialists or hospitals as needed.

Question 4

Which of the following factors helps determine the proportion of primary care personnel to specialists needed for the adequate provision of primary care?

Accepted Answer

The proportion of primary care personnel to specialists needed for the adequate provision of primary care is determined by both how rigidly the health care delivery system employs gatekeeping and the population's rates of utilization of primary care services. The level of gatekeeping, or the extent to which patients must first see a primary care provider before being referred to a specialist, affects the demand for primary care services and thus the need for primary care personnel. Additionally, the population's rates of utilization of primary care services impact the demand for primary care personnel and, therefore, affect the proportion of primary care personnel to specialists needed for adequate primary care provision.

Question 5

Emergency departments, in most cases, are equipped to provide:

Accepted Answer

Emergency departments are equipped to provide both secondary care services, such as emergency treatment and stabilization, and tertiary care services, which include specialized and advanced medical investigation and treatment, such as trauma care and intensive care services.

Question 6

Hospice services are primarily for people with:

Accepted Answer

Hospice services are intended for adults with terminal illnesses, typically with a life expectancy of six months or less. These individuals are no longer seeking curative treatment and instead need comprehensive care that addresses their physical, emotional, and spiritual needs during their final days.

Question 7

Community health centers serve primarily:

Accepted Answer

Community health centers are designed to provide medical care to populations that are medically underserved, such as low-income individuals or those without access to health insurance. They are not generally located in high-income neighborhoods and may see patients regardless of their insurance status. Therefore, both options A and B are incorrect.

Question 8

Fill in the blank: The percentage of medical school graduates choosing careers in primary care is ______________.

Accepted Answer

Over the past few years, the percentage of medical school graduates choosing careers in primary care has been decreasing.

Question 9

What is the likely impact of the ACA on primary care?

Accepted Answer

The ACA includes provisions to increase funding for primary care, expand access to primary care services, and incentivize primary care providers to improve the quality of care they provide. These changes are likely to result in an increased demand for primary care services, which could lead to an increase in the number of primary care providers and the use of innovative models of primary care delivery.

Question 10

Fill in the blank: Historically, inpatient care developed ________ outpatient care.

Accepted Answer

Inpatient care, or care that requires overnight admission to a hospital or medical facility, has been around for centuries, while outpatient care, or care that does not require overnight admission, did not become prevalent until the 20th century. Therefore, historically, inpatient care developed before outpatient care.

Question 11

What does "PPS" stand for?

Accepted Answer

PPS stands for Prospective Payment System, which is a payment method used by Medicare to reimburse healthcare providers based on predetermined rates for specific services or procedures.

Question 12

The most prominent reason for the decline in the number of procedures performed in hospitals is:

Accepted Answer

The most prominent reason for the decline in the number of procedures performed in hospitals is that most of these procedures were shifted to an outpatient setting. As healthcare has evolved and become more accessible, many procedures that once required an overnight stay in a hospital are now able to be performed on an outpatient basis. This has resulted in a decrease in the number of procedures being performed in hospitals.

Question 13

Outpatient care accounts for what percent of gross patient revenue for all US hospitals?

Accepted Answer

According to the American Hospital Association, outpatient care accounts for 40% of gross patient revenue for all US hospitals.

Question 14

Which of the following is a typical setting for ambulatory care services?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is a typical...

Question 15

What is gatekeeping?

Accepted Answer

Gatekeeping refers to the practice of primary care physicians acting as gatekeepers, referring patients to specialists only when necessary. This helps to control costs and ensure appropriate use of resources. It does not imply that patients are being denied needed care or that specialists use more diagnostic tests than primary care physicians. While patients should have a say in their healthcare decisions, gatekeeping is not directly related to the idea of patients choosing their own doctors.

Question 16

Typically, tertiary care:

Accepted Answer

Tertiary care is highly specialized care that typically requires advanced technology and is provided in traditional healthcare facilities such as hospitals and specialty clinics. It is focused on managing complex and rare health conditions.

Question 17

What is palliation?

Accepted Answer

Palliation refers to the management of pain and other distressing symptoms, usually in the context of a serious or terminal illness. This may include medication, physical therapy, and other interventions aimed at improving quality of life. Psychosocial support is also an important aspect of palliative care, but it is not the primary focus. Surgical interventions and bed rest may be used to manage certain symptoms, but they are not typically considered palliative care.

Question 18

Which of the following is a reason for the growth in outpatient services?

Accepted Answer

Managed care has incentivized the use of outpatient services to reduce costs. New technology has enabled complex procedures to be performed in an outpatient setting. Patient preference for convenience and lower costs have also contributed to the growth in outpatient services.

Question 19

How is community-oriented primary care (COPC) different from primary care?

Accepted Answer

Community-oriented primary care (COPC) adds a population-based approach to identifying and addressing community health problems, which is a key difference compared to primary care. It does not reject the link between primary and secondary prevention, and it does not necessarily adhere more strongly to the biomedical model. Therefore, option D is incorrect.

Question 20

Which of the following is an example of a secondary care service?

Accepted Answer

Secondary care services are those medical services that require specialized knowledge and facilities, and are usually provided by medical specialists or hospitals. Rehabilitation, surgery, and consultation are all examples of secondary care services. Therefore, the correct answer is D - All of the above.

Quiz 7: Outpatient and Primary Care Services