The Nurse Educator Is Teaching the Nursing Student the Basic

The nurse educator is teaching the nursing student the basic principles of using analgesia by using a patient, Christa, as an example. Which of the following demonstrates the basic principles of analgesia during Christa's labor and delivery? Select all that apply.

A) Christa has been in labor for 4 hours. She has been having contractions every 3 minutes. Contractions last a minute and are intense. She has had cervical change from 3 to 5 cm over the past 4 hours.
B) The medication Christa wants is an epidural. After she receives the epidural, the FHR tracing is within normal limits.
C) Christa received butorphanol (Stadol) within 3 hours of delivery and the infant experienced neonatal depression.
D) Local anesthesia in the perineal area was used in conjunction with the epidural throughout labor and delivery.
E) Christa has a history of opiate abuse and therefore it was understood that she might require higher doses of medications to experience relief.