Question 1

The nurse is teaching a class about embryonic and fetal development to couples in the early stage of pregnancy. For which reason does the nurse emphasize the first 8 weeks of gestation?

Accepted Answer

The nurse emphasizes the first 8 weeks of gestation because during this period, all organ systems are developing. This is a critical time for development and potential teratogens (such as drugs, alcohol or environmental toxins) can impact the formation of these organs.

Question 2

An infertile couple voices concern to the nurse about assisted reproductive technologies (ART). The nurse agrees that ART has created numerous dilemmas. Which potential questions does the nurse discuss with the couple? Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

The nurse would discuss various ethical and legal dilemmas associated with assisted reproductive technologies (ART), including ownership of embryos (A), whether a child should be told about donors or surrogates (B), parental rights for sperm donors (C), and the fate of surplus embryos (E). The question of financial obligations of a fertility donor (D) is less commonly a topic of discussion in the context of ART, as legal agreements typically address these concerns before the donation process.

Question 3

The nurse is counseling a patient regarding pregnancy. The patient lost her first two pregnancies in the second trimester of gestation for undetermined reasons. Which initial advice does the nurse provide for this patient?

Accepted Answer

Since the patient has a history of losing two pregnancies in the second trimester without apparent reasons, it is crucial to conduct genetic studies to determine the viability of future pregnancies. This information is necessary to detect potential issues and prevent similar complications.

Question 4

A female carries one positive genetic marker for Huntington's disease. Her partner does not have any markers for the disease. For which reason is it so important for this family to identify persons with the genetic marker?

Accepted Answer

The symptoms of Huntington's disease do not manifest until 30 to 50 years of age, which makes it important to identify persons with the genetic marker early on to allow for possible interventions or better planning for the future. The answer choices A and B are incorrect as the Huntington gene is dominant and not recessive, and not all offspring will have the disease as it depends on whether they inherit the gene or not. The expression of the disease is varied by individual, but this does not relate to the importance of identifying persons with the genetic marker.

Question 5

The nurse is counseling a couple who just learned their 16-week fetus tested positive for a serious genetic disorder. Which action by the nurse is inappropriate upon learning that the couple plan to continue the pregnancy?

Accepted Answer

It is inappropriate and unethical for the nurse to inquire about termination if the couple has already expressed their decision to continue with the pregnancy. The nurse's role at this point is to support the couple in their decision and provide them with appropriate information and resources.

Question 6

A patient at 37 weeks gestation arrives at the labor and delivery unit and reports a rupture of her membranes. Which factor causes the nurse to anticipate the HCP will prescribe a medical method of labor induction?

Accepted Answer

The fetus is viable and the barrier for a sterile uterine environment is breached.

Question 7

The nurse works in an infertility clinic and is interviewing a male patient whose partner has been unable to conceive. Which finding obtained during a health history will cause the nurse greatest concern?

Accepted Answer

A vasectomy reversal can lead to decreased fertility, making it a significant concern for a couple trying to conceive.

Question 8

A patient at 34 weeks gestation is undergoing an ultrasound. The nurse notes that the amniotic fluid is estimated at between 500 and 600 mL. Which deduction does the nurse make from this finding?

Accepted Answer

At 34 weeks gestation, normal amniotic fluid levels are typically between 800 and 1000 mL. An amniotic fluid level of 500 to 600 mL indicates oligohydramnios, which is a condition characterized by lower than normal amniotic fluid.

Question 9

A female patient is concerned about an inability to become pregnant after trying for 1 year. Which information collected during a health history causes the nurse the greatest amount of concern about possible infertility?

Accepted Answer

The answer of A female patient is concerned about an...

Question 10

A male patient is diagnosed with low sperm count as the cause of infertility. Which interventions will the nurse recommend to improve the patient's sperm count? Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A male patient is diagnosed with low...

Question 11

The nurse is discussing genetically linked diseases with a couple planning a pregnancy. The female states, "I am concerned because there is a history of sickle-cell disease in my family." Which information from the nurse is correct?

Accepted Answer

Sickle-cell disease is an autosomal recessive disorder, meaning that both parents need to be carriers of the sickle-cell trait for the child to have the disease. Therefore, the male partner should undergo genetic testing to determine if he is a carrier. If he is not a carrier, then the risk of their child having sickle-cell disease is low. If he is a carrier, then the couple can undergo genetic counseling to discuss their options, which may include prenatal testing. The other options given are incorrect, as not all offspring will have the disease (only if both parents are carriers), the gender of the child does not determine whether they will have the disease, and it is not necessary for the couple to avoid pregnancy altogether, but rather undergo genetic testing and counseling.

Question 12

The nurse is counseling a female patient diagnosed with anovulation as a cause of infertility. Which information does the nurse provide to the patient? Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

The nurse can provide information on dietary planning as lifestyle changes can impact ovulation. Clomiphene citrate is a medication used to induce ovulation, which is relevant for anovulation treatment.

Question 13

Genomic medicine is an emerging medical discipline that involves using genomic information about an individual as part of the individual's clinical care. Which example does the nurse associate with genomic medicine?

Accepted Answer

Screening of neonates for inherited, treatable genetic diseases is an example of using genomic information as part of an individual's clinical care. This allows for early identification and treatment of genetic conditions that may have otherwise gone undetected.

Question 14

The nurse works in a urologist's office. A male patient is scheduled for routine fertility testing. For which test does the nurse refrain from making preparation?

Accepted Answer

Sexual functioning is not a test that requires preparation by the nurse in the context of routine fertility testing in a urologist's office. Tests like STI screening, hormonal levels, and ejaculate analysis involve specific biological samples or measurements, while assessments of sexual functioning are typically based on patient interviews or questionnaires, not something a nurse would prepare for in the same way as the other tests.

Question 15

An infertile couple learns that the female is unable to produce viable eggs. The male partner suggests the use of a surrogate as a means of having a child. The female states, "I don't want your baby with another woman!" The nurse is aware of which psychosocial issue with this couple?

Accepted Answer

The answer of An infertile couple learns that the female...

Question 16

A patient at 13 weeks gestation asks the nurse how her baby is nourished during pregnancy. Which information does the nurse use to explain the process to the mother?

Accepted Answer

Glucose, amino acids, and oxygen pass through the placenta from mother to baby.

Question 17

After counseling with an obstetrician about infertility, a couple is advised to undergo testicular sperm aspiration. The nurse is aware that the procedure may be recommended for which infertility?

Accepted Answer

Testicular sperm aspiration is often recommended for couples where the male partner has had an unsuccessful vasectomy reversal. This procedure involves using a needle to retrieve sperm from the testicle for use in assisted reproductive technologies such as in vitro fertilization. It is not recommended for blocked fallopian tubes, poor cervical mucus production, or diminished sperm motility.

Question 18

A female patient with a history of infertility is scheduled to have a hysterosalpingogram. Which findings can be detected with this procedure? Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

A hysterosalpingogram is a radiographic procedure used to examine the inside of the uterus and fallopian tubes. It can detect tubal occlusions, which may contribute to infertility by preventing the egg and sperm from meeting. Uterine fibroids, which are benign tumors that can distort the uterine cavity and affect fertility, can also be identified. Additionally, a bicornuate uterus, a congenital uterine malformation where the uterus has two horns, can be diagnosed with this procedure. However, it is not designed to detect cervical irritation or vaginal infections, as these conditions are better assessed through clinical examination and laboratory tests.

Question 19

The nurse is counseling a female patient who has unsuccessfully attempted to become pregnant through a variety of methods and treatments for infertility. Which psychosocial manifestation is the nurse most likely to recognize?

Accepted Answer

Difficulty accepting pregnancy if it does occur is a common psychosocial manifestation for a woman who has experienced infertility. This may be due to fear of another loss or past negative experiences. It is important for the nurse to address these concerns and provide support for the patient.

Question 20

A patient who has just received confirmation that she is pregnant is distressed because she has a seizure disorder that she manages with carbamazepine. Which is the nurse's greatest concern?

Accepted Answer

Carbamazepine is known to be teratogenic and has been associated with neural tube defects and facial abnormalities when taken during the first trimester of pregnancy. The nurse's greatest concern should be ensuring that the patient is aware of the risks associated with continuing to take carbamazepine during pregnancy and encouraging her to discuss alternative medications with her provider. The provider may also consider gradual tapering of the medication if possible. The other options presented are inaccurate or not the immediate concern.

Quiz 3: Genetics, Conception, Fetal Development, and Reproductive Technology