In Kohlberg's theory of the development of moral reasoning,the pre conventional level is characterized by moral reasoning based on self-interest and on avoiding punishment and maximizing personal gain.

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The pre conventional level of moral reasoning is the first stage in Kohlberg's theory and is focused on self-interest and avoiding punishment. Children and individuals at this level view right and wrong as being determined by what benefits themselves or avoids negative consequences.

In Kohlberg's Theory of the Development of Moral Reasoning,the Pre