Question 1

The term ____________ is used when there is an imbalance between the body's needs and the intake of nutrients, even when calorie intake is within the normal range. When pregnant women have this condition, it can have harmful effects on prenatal development.

Accepted Answer

Malnutrition refers to a situation where the body lacks the necessary nutrients, even when the person is consuming enough calories. This can lead to detrimental effects on health, and when pregnant women experience malnutrition, it can negatively impact fetal development. Starvation, on the other hand, refers to a severe lack of food that leads to sustained weight loss, while undernourishment refers to a lack of intake of particular nutrients. Toxicity refers to the harmful effects of substances that are consumed or encountered in the environment.

Question 2

The BEST time for a woman to ensure that her diet contains sufficient folic acid is:

Accepted Answer

Folic acid is important for proper fetal development, particularly in the first few weeks of pregnancy when the neural tube is forming. Therefore, it is best for a woman to ensure her diet contains sufficient folic acid before she gets pregnant to help reduce the risk of birth defects.

Question 3

Folic acid is important to ensure proper development of the:

Accepted Answer

Folic acid is important for the proper development of the fetal neural tube, which forms the baby's brain and spinal cord.

Question 4

When chick embryos were treated with a drug to prevent them from moving:

Accepted Answer

The answer of When chick embryos were treated with a...

Question 5

The study of wartime famine in Leningrad demonstrated:

Accepted Answer

The study of wartime famine in Leningrad demonstrated that severe nutritional deprivation can lead to premature births and low birth weight, indicating an impact on fetal development. The other options are incorrect, as the study showed that consumption of bread with sawdust did have an impact, nutritional deprivation during later stages of pregnancy also had an impact, and severe nutritional deprivation did have an effect even before the fetal stage of development.

Question 6

Toward the end of gestation, the fetus can hear:

Accepted Answer

While the fetus's sense of hearing is not fully developed until after birth, studies have shown that they can hear sounds from outside the womb, as well as the sounds of the mother's body. This includes her heartbeat, breathing, and digestive system. However, the sounds from the outside world may be muffled or distorted by the amniotic fluid and the walls of the uterus.

Question 7

About how many calories per day must pregnant women consume for their unborn babies to grow properly?

Accepted Answer

Pregnant women should consume an extra 300-500 calories per day. With a baseline of around 2,000 calories needed for a non-pregnant woman, this brings the total to 2,300-2,500 calories per day. Therefore, choice B (2,000-2,800) is the closest option.

Question 8

Activity during the embryonic and fetal periods appears important in:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Activity during the embryonic and fetal periods...

Question 9

Expectant mothers can typically begin to feel movement at about ____________ months into their pregnancy.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Expectant mothers can typically begin to feel...

Question 10

Pregnant women are encouraged to increase their intake of which foods?

Accepted Answer

Pregnant women are encouraged to increase their intake of folic acid, calcium, and iron as these nutrients are essential for fetal development and maternal health.

Question 11

When they hear sounds from outside their mother's bodies, fetuses may:

Accepted Answer

Fetal heart rate can change in response to external stimuli, so if they hear sounds from outside the mother's body, the fetal heart rate may change. While fetuses may move their arms and legs in response to sounds, there is no evidence that they specifically cover their ears or increase sucking in response to external stimuli.

Question 12

Children whose mothers did not want them were ____________ compared to control children.

Accepted Answer

Children whose mothers did not want them often experience neglect and may not receive proper prenatal care, resulting in a higher likelihood of being underweight at birth. The other answer choices are not necessarily correlated with a mother's level of wanting her child.

Question 13

Which of the following statements concerning the impact of a mother's psychological condition on her developing fetus is ?

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that stress during pregnancy can have negative effects on the developing fetus, including low birth weight, preterm labor, and increased risk of behavioral and developmental problems later in life.

Question 14

The term is used when an individual has an insufficient food intake making it impossible to develop or function normally. When pregnant women have this condition, it can have harmful effects on prenatal development.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The term is used when an individual...

Question 15

Felicia is in the seventh month of her pregnancy and she has noticed a decrease in the amount her baby moves. How should she react to this?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Felicia is in the seventh month of...

Question 16

Sondra is in her fourth month of pregnancy. Her husband is concerned because she seems very worried about being pregnant. How should he respond to her?

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that maternal stress and anxiety may have negative effects on fetal development, including in the neural development of the fetus. Therefore, it is important for the husband to be sympathetic and supportive of his wife during pregnancy to reduce her stress levels.

Question 17

Babies who heard their mothers read The Cat in the Hat while in the womb:

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that fetuses can learn to recognize stories read to them in utero and can modify their sucking rate to hear the story again after birth. This suggests that they have a memory of the story, as well as an ability to learn from it while still in the womb.

Question 18

The development of inhibitory neural pathways in the higher region of the brain leads to what characteristic of the fetal period?

Accepted Answer

The development of inhibitory neural pathways in the higher region of the brain leads to a reduction in activity level during the fetal period. This is because these inhibitory pathways help to control and regulate movement and activity in the developing fetus. The ossification of the skeleton (A) and differentiation of the three major divisions of the brain (D) are not directly related to inhibitory neural pathways, and the appearance of generalized movements (B) may actually increase rather than decrease activity level.

Question 19

Studies have shown that a mother who is under stress secretes hormones, such as ____________, that pass through the placenta and have a measurable effect on the fetus's motor activity.

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that a mother who is under stress secretes hormones, such as cortisol, that pass through the placenta and have a measurable effect on the fetus's motor activity.

Question 20

What is the role played by fetal activity?

Accepted Answer

Fetal activity, such as kicking and moving, helps to stimulate normal development of muscles and limbs. It also plays a role in preventing fetal muscle atrophy, which can occur in cases of prolonged immobilization.

Quiz 3: Prenatal Development and Birth