Question 1

Which of the following describes the effect of schooling on memory?

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that schooling does not necessarily increase overall memory capacity, but rather teaches strategies for remembering information more effectively. This can include techniques like repetition, organization, and mnemonic devices.

Question 2

Recent research has supported Piaget's belief that the ability to conserve quantity:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Recent research has supported Piaget's belief that...

Question 3

Josefa and Ann have birthdays one month apart. Josefa's birth date puts her in first grade while Ann's puts her in kindergarten. When they are tested on a recall test at the end of the school year, Josefa remembers more items than Ann. What would you tell Ann's mother about this result?

Accepted Answer

The best choice is D because it is common for children who have participated in school and moved on to higher grades to develop strategies useful in recall tasks, improving their memory abilities. Therefore, Ann's result is to be expected, and it is not a cause for concern or blame for her teacher.

Question 4

The school cut-off strategy assesses the impact of schooling by comparing children in school with children of the same age who:

Accepted Answer

The school cut-off strategy involves comparing children in school with children of the same age who have not started school because they were born after a specified cut-off date. This allows for an assessment of the impact of schooling on outcomes such as academic achievement or social development by controlling for age differences between students. Options B, C, and D are not relevant to the school cut-off strategy.

Question 5

The ability to explain the reason that one thinks in the way that he or she does is called:

Accepted Answer

The ability to explain one's own thought processes is known as metacognition. It involves being aware of one's own thinking and being able to describe why certain thoughts or actions occur. The other options are not specifically related to explaining one's reasoning.

Question 6

When nonschooled children are asked to remember materials that are part of a meaningful setting such as furniture location or kinds of animals in a barnyard, their performance:

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that when nonschooled children are asked to remember materials that are part of a meaningful setting such as furniture location or kinds of animals in a barnyard, their performance is similar to that of their schooled peers. This suggests that education may not be the only factor that affects memory performance.

Question 7

When measured by performance on Piagetian tasks, schooling:

Accepted Answer

The answer of When measured by performance on Piagetian tasks,...

Question 8

When Wagner (1974) asked educated and uneducated Mayan children to remember the location of a series of cards, he found that the educated children's performance:

Accepted Answer

Wagner found that the educated children's performance improved with age.

Question 9

When first graders were compared with children of about the same age who were still in kindergarten, they found that the first graders:

Accepted Answer

The answer of When first graders were compared with children...

Question 10

The effects of school on children's cognitive abilities can be best studied:

Accepted Answer

The answer of The effects of school on children's cognitive...

Question 11

A child who decides he is no good at math because he does poorly on a math test is exhibiting:

Accepted Answer

The child's belief that he is no good at math based on one poor performance on a test suggests a performance orientation. This means that he is focused on the outcome (the grade on the test) rather than the process of learning and improvement. A child with a mastery orientation would recognize that they may struggle with a certain skill at first, but with effort and practice they can improve. An incremental model of intelligence refers to the belief that intelligence is malleable and can be developed through effort, which is related to a mastery orientation. Math phobia would involve fear or anxiety related to math, which is not necessarily exhibited in this scenario.

Question 12

Ladd and Dinella explored the relationship between school engagement and academic achievement in nearly 400 children as they progressed from first to eighth grade. The researchers found that school engagement:

Accepted Answer

The researchers found that school engagement was moderately stable over time, indicating that students who were more engaged in school tended to maintain that level of engagement throughout their academic career.

Question 13

Which of the following is relatively unaffected by schooling?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is relatively unaffected...

Question 14

Compared to American school children, memory performance in school children from other cultures is:

Accepted Answer

Schooling tends to have a significant impact on memory performance, making schooled children from different cultures more similar to each other than to unschooled children from their own culture.

Question 15

Ladd and Dinella explored the relationship between school engagement and academic achievement in nearly 400 children as they progressed from first to eighth grade. Which students did the researchers find to be MOST at risk for academic problems?

Accepted Answer

The researchers found that students with higher levels of avoidance and resistance to classroom participation were the most at risk for academic problems. This suggests that a lack of engagement in the classroom can have negative consequences for academic achievement. Students who actively avoid participating in class may miss out on important learning opportunities and struggle to keep up with their peers.

Question 16

Children who held a belief that intelligence was ____________ avoided challenging tasks, while children who believed that intelligence was ____________ applied themselves and tried harder when faced with challenging tasks.

Accepted Answer

The statement suggests that children who believe intelligence is a fixed quality would be less likely to attempt challenging tasks, as they may believe their abilities are limited and cannot be improved. On the other hand, children who believe intelligence is something that can grow are more likely to apply themselves and try harder when faced with difficult tasks, as they believe their abilities are not fixed and can improve over time.

Question 17

Schooling influences memory abilities by helping children:

Accepted Answer

Schooling helps children develop specialized memory strategies that are relevant to arbitrary items such as lists, concepts, and formulas. These strategies help children to store information more meaningfully, retain it longer, and retrieve it more efficiently.

Question 18

Ladd and Dinella explored the relationship between school engagement and academic achievement in nearly 400 children as they progressed from first to eighth grade. The researchers focused on which of the following two dimensions?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Ladd and Dinella explored the relationship between...

Question 19

Children who held a belief that intelligence was ____________ avoided challenging tasks while children who believed that intelligence was ____________ applied themselves and tried harder when faced with challenging tasks.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Children who held a belief that intelligence...

Question 20

Children who have participated in formal schooling tend to perform better on logical thinking tasks than their unschooled peers primarily because:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Children who have participated in formal schooling...

Quiz 12: School As a Context for Development