Question 1

Alan Sroufe and his colleagues have reported that when children who are judged to be securely attached at 12 months of age are assessed at age 3½, they show all of the following characteristics when compared to other children EXCEPT that they:

Accepted Answer

Sroufe and colleagues reported that securely attached children at 12 months of age showed higher intelligence test scores at age 3½ compared to other children. Therefore, option C is incorrect. Option A, B, and D are correct as securely attached children at 12 months of age have been found to be more curious, play effectively with their peers, and have better relationships with their teachers.

Question 2

A child's internal working model based on his or her early attachment to a caregiver:

Accepted Answer

A child's internal working model is not set in stone and can be altered by new experiences. If an adult provides experiences that contradict the child's previous expectations, the child's internal working model can be revised.

Question 3

Sagi and his colleagues suspected that high rates of insecure attachment among children raised in Israeli kibbutzim were caused by:

Accepted Answer

The researchers suspected that high rates of insecure attachment among children raised in Israeli kibbutzim were caused by difficulties experienced by communal caretakers in responding to the needs of the many children in their care. This is known as the “caretaker burden hypothesis” and posits that when there are too many children for the number of caretakers, the quality of caregiving suffers, leading to higher rates of insecure attachment.

Question 4

As long as the environment supports the use of their internal working models of how to behave toward others:

Accepted Answer

The use of internal working models of how to behave toward others provides a sense of continuity and consistency in the way children relate to others over time. However, this does not necessarily guarantee psychological well-adjustment or rule out the potential influence of environmental or hereditary factors on changes in behavior.

Question 5

Children who are judged to be securely attached at 12 months are ____________ likely to engage in positive play behaviors in the preschool years than children who were insecurely attached as infants.

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that children who are securely attached as infants are more likely to engage in positive play behaviors in the preschool years than children who were insecurely attached.

Question 6

Chisholm's 1998 study of children adopted from Romanian orphanages found that:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Chisholm's 1998 study of children adopted from...

Question 7

A sociocultural theorist would MOST likely focus on which idea about attachment?

Accepted Answer

Sociocultural theorists would be interested in the impact of culture on attachment formation. Therefore, they would be most likely to focus on the idea that different patterns of attachment are found across different cultural groups.

Question 8

In considering the continuity of attachment, scientists have found that:

Accepted Answer

Researchers have found that there is a relationship between attachment classification in infancy and attachment relationships in early adulthood. This suggests that attachment patterns are relatively stable over time and can have an impact on later relationships.

Question 9

"Reactive attachment disorder" is characterized by which of the following behaviors?

Accepted Answer

Reactive attachment disorder is characterized by disturbed social relationships and either indiscriminate efforts by a child to receive comfort from any adult or extreme reluctance of a child to accept comfort even from familiar adults. Therefore, all answer choices are correct.

Question 10

Chisholm's 1998 study of children adopted from Romanian orphanages clearly showed that:

Accepted Answer

The study showed that the age at which children were adopted played a significant role in their developmental outcomes, with earlier adoption leading to better developmental progress.

Question 11

Cross­cultural research on the relationship between parenting style and mother­infant attachment statuses reveals that:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Cross­cultural research on the relationship between parenting...

Question 12

Alan Sroufe and his colleagues have reported that when children who are judged to be securely attached at 12 months of age are assessed at ages 10 and 15, they show all of the following characteristics when compared to other children EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

Secure attachment is more closely related to social and emotional development rather than cognitive abilities like intelligence test scores.

Question 13

Investigations of how infant emotional development unfolds for those who experience institutionalization is of:

Accepted Answer

The question specifically mentions children orphaned as a result of the HIV-AIDS epidemic, indicating a growing need for research on institutionalization and infant emotional development. The other options either do not provide a clear reason for increasing or decreasing importance, or are inaccurate (the foster system has not been replaced by orphanages in the United States).

Question 14

Tizard's research on children raised in residential nurseries showed that:

Accepted Answer

Tizard's research showed that even children who were beyond infancy and raised in institutional care could form attachments with parents in a supportive environment. However, the research did not suggest that children who do not form attachments before 2 years of age will never form attachments, and it did not compare attachment to biological vs. adoptive parents. It also did not suggest that institutional care results in children who are just as well adjusted as children who are adopted or raised by their biological parents.

Question 15

According to some investigators, a hazard of out­of­ home care for infants during the first year of life is:

Accepted Answer

Out-of-home care during the first year can lead to insecure attachment to parents, as infants may not form a strong bond with their primary caregivers.

Question 16

According to Tizard, leaving institutional care:

Accepted Answer

Tizard's research found that leaving institutional care had a positive effect on the child's development. Specifically, the children in the study who were placed in foster care before the age of 4 showed better outcomes in terms of their social, emotional, and cognitive functioning compared to those who remained in institutional care.

Question 17

Research investigating the continuity of attachment from infancy to adulthood reveals::

Accepted Answer

Research has found that secure attachment in infancy predicts positive outcomes such as better social skills, higher academic achievement, and greater emotional regulation throughout adolescence and into adulthood. This suggests that there is continuity in the effects of attachment from infancy to later life.

Question 18

Therapeutic interventions for children diagnosed with "reactive attachment disorder" should focus on:

Accepted Answer

Reactive attachment disorder is a result of disruptions or problems in relationships with caregivers during the critical early years of a child's life. Therefore, therapeutic interventions should focus on improving the parent-child relationship and addressing any underlying issues that may have contributed to the child's attachment problems. It is important to understand the dynamics of the relationship and work on building a secure and healthy attachment between the parent and child. Simply focusing on the child's behaviors or history of attachment relationships with other adults may not address the root cause of the problem.

Question 19

Infants from Israeli kibbutzim who were raised communally from an early age when compared with United States infants:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Infants from Israeli kibbutzim who were raised...

Question 20

Which of the following is of children who were returned to their biological parents after spending their early years in a residential nursery?

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that children who were returned to their biological parents after spending their early years in a residential nursery did not fare as well as children placed in adoptive homes. These children often struggled with insecure attachment and developmental delays.

Quiz 6: Emotional and Social Development During Infancy

Alan Sroufe and his colleagues have reported that when children who are judged to be securely attached at 12 months of age are assessed at age 3½, they show all of the following characteristics when compared to other children EXCEPT that they:

A child's internal working model based on his or her early attachment to a caregiver:

Sagi and his colleagues suspected that high rates of insecure attachment among children raised in Israeli kibbutzim were caused by:

As long as the environment supports the use of their internal working models of how to behave toward others:

Children who are judged to be securely attached at 12 months are ____________ likely to engage in positive play behaviors in the preschool years than children who were insecurely attached as infants.

Chisholm's 1998 study of children adopted from Romanian orphanages found that:

A sociocultural theorist would MOST likely focus on which idea about attachment?

In considering the continuity of attachment, scientists have found that:

"Reactive attachment disorder" is characterized by which of the following behaviors?

Chisholm's 1998 study of children adopted from Romanian orphanages clearly showed that:

Crosscultural research on the relationship between parenting style and motherinfant attachment statuses reveals that:

Alan Sroufe and his colleagues have reported that when children who are judged to be securely attached at 12 months of age are assessed at ages 10 and 15, they show all of the following characteristics when compared to other children EXCEPT:

Investigations of how infant emotional development unfolds for those who experience institutionalization is of:

Tizard's research on children raised in residential nurseries showed that:

According to some investigators, a hazard of outof home care for infants during the first year of life is:

According to Tizard, leaving institutional care:

Research investigating the continuity of attachment from infancy to adulthood reveals::

Therapeutic interventions for children diagnosed with "reactive attachment disorder" should focus on:

Infants from Israeli kibbutzim who were raised communally from an early age when compared with United States infants:

Which of the following is of children who were returned to their biological parents after spending their early years in a residential nursery?

Quiz 6: Emotional and Social Development During Infancy

Alan Sroufe and his colleagues have reported that when children who are judged to be securely attached at 12 months of age are assessed at age 3½, they show all of the following characteristics when compared to other children EXCEPT that they:

A child's internal working model based on his or her early attachment to a caregiver:

Sagi and his colleagues suspected that high rates of insecure attachment among children raised in Israeli kibbutzim were caused by:

As long as the environment supports the use of their internal working models of how to behave toward others:

Children who are judged to be securely attached at 12 months are ____________ likely to engage in positive play behaviors in the preschool years than children who were insecurely attached as infants.

Chisholm's 1998 study of children adopted from Romanian orphanages found that:

A sociocultural theorist would MOST likely focus on which idea about attachment?

In considering the continuity of attachment, scientists have found that:

"Reactive attachment disorder" is characterized by which of the following behaviors?

Chisholm's 1998 study of children adopted from Romanian orphanages clearly showed that:

Cross­cultural research on the relationship between parenting style and mother­infant attachment statuses reveals that:

Alan Sroufe and his colleagues have reported that when children who are judged to be securely attached at 12 months of age are assessed at ages 10 and 15, they show all of the following characteristics when compared to other children EXCEPT:

Investigations of how infant emotional development unfolds for those who experience institutionalization is of:

Tizard's research on children raised in residential nurseries showed that:

According to some investigators, a hazard of out­of­ home care for infants during the first year of life is:

According to Tizard, leaving institutional care:

Research investigating the continuity of attachment from infancy to adulthood reveals::

Therapeutic interventions for children diagnosed with "reactive attachment disorder" should focus on:

Infants from Israeli kibbutzim who were raised communally from an early age when compared with United States infants:

Which of the following is of children who were returned to their biological parents after spending their early years in a residential nursery?

Crosscultural research on the relationship between parenting style and motherinfant attachment statuses reveals that:

According to some investigators, a hazard of outof home care for infants during the first year of life is: