Using the Violation­of­expectancies Method, Investigators Have Found That Between 3

Using the violation­of­expectancies method, investigators have found that between 3 and 9 months of age, and sometimes earlier, infants appear to have at least an initial grasp of a wide variety of physical laws concerning the behavior of objects. For example, it has been demonstrated that infants in this age range show surprise when:

A) a hand lets go of an object and the object does not fall.
B) an object appears to have fallen through a solid shelf instead of onto the shelf.
C) noncausal events occur, such as an object bumping into a second object and then after a 5­second delay, the second object moving.
D) All of the answers occur.