Question 1

What percentage of genes does a woman share with her biological son?

Accepted Answer

A woman shares 50% of her genes with her biological son because she contributes 23 chromosomes and the father contributes the other 23, resulting in a total of 46 chromosomes for the child.

Question 2

More precise estimates of genetic and environmental contributions to individual differences are generally derived from ____________ studies rather than from ____________ studies.

Accepted Answer

The answer of More precise estimates of genetic and environmental...

Question 3

If we know that a particular characteristic, such as height, is highly heritable for individuals in a specific population, we also know that:

Accepted Answer

The answer of If we know that a particular characteristic,...

Question 4

A trait that is NOT easily altered by changes in the environment is said to be:

Accepted Answer

Canalized traits are those that are genetically determined and have a narrow range of potential expression, making them resistant to environmental changes. With little plasticity, canalized traits are stable across diverse environments.

Question 5

A trait that is easily influenced by environmental conditions is said to have:

Accepted Answer

High phenotypic plasticity means that the expression of a trait can be changed by environmental conditions. Therefore, an easily influenced trait is more likely to have high phenotypic plasticity.

Question 6

One of the better methods used to obtain precise estimates of genetic and environmental contributions to individual differences is the twin study, in which monozygotic twins and dizygotic twins of the same sex are compared to each other and to family members for:

Accepted Answer

Twin studies are used to compare similarities and differences between monozygotic (identical) and dizygotic (fraternal) twins in order to estimate the contributions of genetics and environment to specific traits. This approach allows researchers to control for shared genetics and shared environmental factors. Therefore, the correct choice is C, which states that twin studies are used to compare similarities on any given trait.

Question 7

A male is born with an extra X chromosome if he has:

Accepted Answer

Klinefelter syndrome is a genetic disorder in males that is caused by the presence of an extra X chromosome, leading to a phenotype of XXY instead of XY. Phenylketonuria is caused by a mutation in a single gene, Down syndrome is caused by a trisomy of chromosome 21, and Turner syndrome is caused by a monosomy of the X chromosome in females. None of these conditions involve an extra X chromosome in males.

Question 8

What percentage of genes do monozygotic twins share?

Accepted Answer

Monozygotic twins, also known as identical twins, come from a single fertilized egg that splits into two embryos. As a result, they share 100% of their genes. This means they have the same DNA and are essentially clones of each other.

Question 9

The purpose of an adoption study is to find out if adopted children are more similar to their biological parents and siblings, who share ____________, or to their adoptive parents and siblings, with whom they share ____________.

Accepted Answer

The purpose of an adoption study is to determine the relative influence of genes and environment on a variety of traits by comparing similarities between adopted children and both their biological and adoptive families. Therefore, the most appropriate answer is D, as the study is attempting to see if adopted children's traits are more closely linked to their genes or to their common family environment.

Question 10

Certain species­typical characteristics of humans may be restricted to a narrow range, despite wide variations in environmental conditions. An example of this type of characteristic includes the capacity for children to acquire language, which is itself an example of a(n) ____________ process.

Accepted Answer

Canalization refers to the ability of certain traits to develop and be expressed within a narrow range, despite wide variations in environmental conditions. The capacity for children to acquire language is an example of a canalized process, as it typically develops within a certain timeframe and structure regardless of the specific language being learned or the environmental factors influencing the child's development. The other answer choices do not accurately reflect this concept.

Question 11

Developmentalists' increasing appreciation of children's contribution to their own development is reflected in the concept of:

Accepted Answer

The concept of niche construction highlights that children are active agents in shaping their own development by constructing personal environments that reflect their interests, preferences, and abilities. This perspective recognizes the bidirectional nature of development, in which children's active engagement with their environment influences their outcomes as much as their genes or external factors do. Therefore, niche construction is the best choice to reflect developmentalists' appreciation of children's contribution to their own development. The other options, such as canalization, phenotypic plasticity, and heritability, focus more on genetic or environmental factors shaping development or the range of variability in response to different conditions.

Question 12

The term ____________ refers to the degree to which variations in a particular characteristic among individuals in a specific population are related to genetic differences among those individuals.

Accepted Answer

Heritability refers to the degree to which differences in a characteristic among individuals can be attributed to genetic factors. It is a statistical measure that ranges from 0 to 1, where 0 indicates that genetic factors play no role in the variation of the characteristic, and 1 indicates that all variation is due to genetic factors. Therefore, heritability is the best choice for this definition.

Question 13

Developmentalists estimate genetic influences by conducting what kind of study?

Accepted Answer

Developmentalists estimate genetic influences by conducting kinship studies, which compare the resemblance of biological relatives to assess the genetic contribution to individual differences in a specific trait or behavior.

Question 14

Which genetic disorder affects only males?

Accepted Answer

Klinefelter syndrome is a genetic disorder that affects only males. It is caused by an extra X chromosome, leading to hormonal and developmental abnormalities. Turner syndrome affects only females, while sickle-cell anemia and Down syndrome can affect both males and females.

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a concern when interpreting kinship studies?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is NOT a...

Question 16

Traits that are resistant to the influence of environmental conditions are ____________, whereas traits that are responsive to environmental conditions are:

Accepted Answer

Traits that are resistant to the influence of environmental conditions are called canalized, whereas traits that are responsive to environmental conditions are called plastic. So, option A (canalized; plastic) is the correct choice.

Question 17

The concept that certain characteristics of a species are restricted to a narrow range or expression is called:

Accepted Answer

Canalization refers to the limitation or constraint of variation of a certain trait within a species, meaning that the characteristic is resistant to change even when an individual is exposed to different environmental conditions or genetic mutations.

Question 18

A canalized characteristic is:

Accepted Answer

A canalized characteristic is a trait that is not easily affected by variations in the environment. This means that even if there are differences in the environment, the trait will still develop in a consistent manner. This is often due to genetic factors that have a strong influence on the trait. Canalization is important for ensuring that important traits like basic body structures and functions develop consistently, even in changing environments.

Question 19

Males born with Klinefelter syndrome develop normally until adolescence when they do not acquire facial hair, their sex organs fail to mature, and their voices remain unchanged. These characteristics are due to having a(n):

Accepted Answer

Klinefelter syndrome is caused by the presence of an extra X chromosome in males (XXY). This results in the underdevelopment of testes and the lack of testosterone production, which leads to the physical characteristics mentioned in the question.

Question 20

A common treatment for Klinefelter's syndrome is through:

Accepted Answer

The answer of A common treatment for Klinefelter's syndrome is...

Quiz 2: Biocultural Foundations

What percentage of genes does a woman share with her biological son?

More precise estimates of genetic and environmental contributions to individual differences are generally derived from studies rather than from studies.

If we know that a particular characteristic, such as height, is highly heritable for individuals in a specific population, we also know that:

A trait that is NOT easily altered by changes in the environment is said to be:

A trait that is easily influenced by environmental conditions is said to have:

One of the better methods used to obtain precise estimates of genetic and environmental contributions to individual differences is the twin study, in which monozygotic twins and dizygotic twins of the same sex are compared to each other and to family members for:

A male is born with an extra X chromosome if he has:

What percentage of genes do monozygotic twins share?

The purpose of an adoption study is to find out if adopted children are more similar to their biological parents and siblings, who share , or to their adoptive parents and siblings, with whom they share .

Certain speciestypical characteristics of humans may be restricted to a narrow range, despite wide variations in environmental conditions. An example of this type of characteristic includes the capacity for children to acquire language, which is itself an example of a(n) ____________ process.

Developmentalists' increasing appreciation of children's contribution to their own development is reflected in the concept of:

The term ____________ refers to the degree to which variations in a particular characteristic among individuals in a specific population are related to genetic differences among those individuals.

Developmentalists estimate genetic influences by conducting what kind of study?

Which genetic disorder affects only males?

Which of the following is NOT a concern when interpreting kinship studies?

Traits that are resistant to the influence of environmental conditions are ____________, whereas traits that are responsive to environmental conditions are:

The concept that certain characteristics of a species are restricted to a narrow range or expression is called:

A canalized characteristic is:

Males born with Klinefelter syndrome develop normally until adolescence when they do not acquire facial hair, their sex organs fail to mature, and their voices remain unchanged. These characteristics are due to having a(n) :

A common treatment for Klinefelter's syndrome is through:

Quiz 2: Biocultural Foundations

What percentage of genes does a woman share with her biological son?

More precise estimates of genetic and environmental contributions to individual differences are generally derived from ____________ studies rather than from ____________ studies.

If we know that a particular characteristic, such as height, is highly heritable for individuals in a specific population, we also know that:

A trait that is NOT easily altered by changes in the environment is said to be:

A trait that is easily influenced by environmental conditions is said to have:

One of the better methods used to obtain precise estimates of genetic and environmental contributions to individual differences is the twin study, in which monozygotic twins and dizygotic twins of the same sex are compared to each other and to family members for:

A male is born with an extra X chromosome if he has:

What percentage of genes do monozygotic twins share?

The purpose of an adoption study is to find out if adopted children are more similar to their biological parents and siblings, who share ____________, or to their adoptive parents and siblings, with whom they share ____________.

Certain species­typical characteristics of humans may be restricted to a narrow range, despite wide variations in environmental conditions. An example of this type of characteristic includes the capacity for children to acquire language, which is itself an example of a(n) ____________ process.

Developmentalists' increasing appreciation of children's contribution to their own development is reflected in the concept of:

The term ____________ refers to the degree to which variations in a particular characteristic among individuals in a specific population are related to genetic differences among those individuals.

Developmentalists estimate genetic influences by conducting what kind of study?

Which genetic disorder affects only males?

Which of the following is NOT a concern when interpreting kinship studies?

Traits that are resistant to the influence of environmental conditions are ____________, whereas traits that are responsive to environmental conditions are:

The concept that certain characteristics of a species are restricted to a narrow range or expression is called:

A canalized characteristic is:

Males born with Klinefelter syndrome develop normally until adolescence when they do not acquire facial hair, their sex organs fail to mature, and their voices remain unchanged. These characteristics are due to having a(n) :

A common treatment for Klinefelter's syndrome is through:

More precise estimates of genetic and environmental contributions to individual differences are generally derived from studies rather than from studies.

The purpose of an adoption study is to find out if adopted children are more similar to their biological parents and siblings, who share , or to their adoptive parents and siblings, with whom they share .

Certain speciestypical characteristics of humans may be restricted to a narrow range, despite wide variations in environmental conditions. An example of this type of characteristic includes the capacity for children to acquire language, which is itself an example of a(n) ____________ process.