Question 1

Cocaine is NOT associated with which neurotransmitter?

Accepted Answer

Cocaine primarily affects the neurotransmitters serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine. It does not have a significant effect on acetylcholine.

Question 2

The time a substance takes to make it into general circulation is:

Accepted Answer

The distribution half-life refers to the time it takes for a substance to reach general circulation after administration.

Question 3

As per Soyka et al. (2011), Opiates impair cognitive functioning in the following areas:

Accepted Answer

Opiates impair cognitive functioning in the frontal cortex (affects decision making, impulsivity, and attention) and hippocampus (affects memory formation and consolidation). The cerebellum primarily controls movement and coordination, so it is not typically associated with cognitive functioning.

Question 4

This type of half-life focuses on the time it takes for the concentration of a substance to decline and is used to determine if a substance (such as benzodiazepines) are short, medium, or long acting.

Accepted Answer

The answer of This type of half-life focuses on the...

Question 5

As per Brickman's Model, the applicability of the 12-Step Philosophy is most associated with an area that is termed:

Accepted Answer

Brickman's Model suggests that the 12-Step Philosophy is most associated with the spiritual aspect of addiction treatment. The 12-Step program emphasizes the importance of surrendering to a higher power and spiritual principles in order to achieve and maintain sobriety. While other aspects such as moral and disease may also play a role in addiction, they are not the primary focus of the 12-Step approach.

Question 6

A set amount of a substance being biotransformed per each hour is indicative of what type of biotransformation?

Accepted Answer

A set amount of a substance being biotransformed per hour is characteristic of zero-order kinetics. In this type of biotransformation, the rate of metabolism is independent of the concentration of the substance being acted upon.

Question 7

Methamphetamine users show symptoms consistent with frontal systems dysfunction; these symptoms include:

Accepted Answer

Methamphetamine users show symptoms consistent with frontal systems dysfunction, including apathy, impulsivity, and sensation seeking.

Question 8

This type of administration is associated with snorting of a substance.

Accepted Answer

Intranasal administration involves snorting a substance through the nose. Transdermal administration involves applying a substance onto the skin, parenteral administration involves injecting a substance into the body through a needle, and enteral administration involves administration through the gastrointestinal tract.

Question 9

The time the body takes to eliminate 50% of a single dose of the substance ingested:

Accepted Answer

The time the body takes to eliminate 50% of a single dose of the substance ingested is known as the elimination half-life. It is a measure of how long the substance stays in the body and is useful for determining the dosing interval of medications. The distribution half-life refers to the time it takes for the substance to reach equilibrium between the bloodstream and the tissues, while the therapeutic half-life is the time it takes for the medication to produce the desired effect. The administration half-life is not a recognized term.

Question 10

This type of administration occurs orally.

Accepted Answer

Enteral administration refers to any medication that is given orally, meaning through the mouth or via a feeding tube into the stomach or intestines.

Question 11

This type of compound must bind with other molecules in order to move throughout the body.

Accepted Answer

Lipid-soluble compounds often require binding to proteins or other molecules to be transported in the aqueous environment of the bloodstream.

Question 12

A set percentage of a substance being biotransformed per each hour is indicative of what type of biotransformation?

Accepted Answer

A set percentage of a substance being biotransformed per each hour is indicative of first-order biotransformation, where the rate of transformation is proportional to the concentration of the substance. Zero-order biotransformation occurs when a constant amount of substance is transformed per unit of time, regardless of the concentration of the substance. The choice depends on the substance or administration is not applicable in this case as the question specifies a specific scenario.

Question 13

Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome (WKS) is typically associated with what substance?

Accepted Answer

Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome (WKS) is typically associated with chronic alcohol abuse, which results in a deficiency of thiamine (vitamin B1).

Question 14

As per Brickman's Model, the addictions counselor use of neuropsychology to account for the client responsibility related to addiction development and relapse is termed:

Accepted Answer

Brickman's Model includes the compensatory approach, which suggests that problems like addiction are due to external factors or deficits, and the individual requires help to compensate for these issues. This approach accounts for client responsibility by acknowledging external influences on addiction development and relapse, rather than attributing them solely to the individual's moral failings or a disease process.

Question 15

This type of administration involves injecting and "skin popping."

Accepted Answer

Parenteral administration refers to injection into the body via any route other than the digestive tract (i.e. intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous). Skin popping is a specific form of subcutaneous injection. Transdermal administration involves absorption through the skin, and intranasal administration involves absorption through the nasal mucosa. Enteral administration involves delivery of medication through the digestive tract.

Question 16

This type of compound mixes easily with blood plasma and moves easily throughout the body.

Accepted Answer

Water-soluble compounds mix easily with blood plasma because they dissolve in water and can be transported throughout the body via the circulatory system. Lipid-soluble compounds, on the other hand, require a carrier protein or must be packaged into lipid transport particles, such as lipoproteins, to move through the bloodstream. Therefore, water-soluble compounds are the best choice for easily moving throughout the body.

Question 17

As per Brickman's Model, the belief that the individual is responsible for their addiction development and their relapse is termed:

Accepted Answer

According to Brickman's Model, the belief that the individual is responsible for their addiction development and their relapse is a moral issue. This perspective suggests that addiction is a result of an individual's lack of willpower, moral character, or personal responsibility. It places blame and shame on the individual rather than acknowledging the complex factors that contribute to addiction, such as genetics, environment, and socio-economic status.

Question 18

This type of administration is via absorption through the skin.

Accepted Answer

Transdermal administration refers to drugs being delivered through the skin and into the bloodstream. It is a form of systemic administration, meaning the drug circulates throughout the body and affects multiple organs and tissues.

Question 19

In Cocaine users, increased linkages to the hippocampus and amygdala may explain how intense craving is linked with:

Accepted Answer

Increased linkages to the hippocampus and amygdala in Cocaine users explain how intense craving is linked with vulnerability to drug-related stimuli, impaired judgment, and cocaine-associated memories.

Question 20

The time the body takes to inactivate 50% of the substance ingested:

Accepted Answer

The answer of The time the body takes to inactivate...

Quiz 1: Substance Use Disorder and Addiction: Basic and Brief Psychopharmacological and Neuropsychological Review