Question 1

Which of the following differences between U.S. presidents Franklin D. Roosevelt and Harry S. Truman would be highlighted by the liberal perspective?

Accepted Answer

A

Question 2

Arguing that an emerging global consciousness led to a decrease in military confrontation and an increase in global interdependence is an example of an argument from the ______ perspective.

Accepted Answer

The identity perspective focuses on the role of ideas, beliefs, and identities in shaping international relations, including the development of a global consciousness that can lead to decreased military confrontation and increased interdependence.

Question 3

Winston Churchill referred to post-World War II Europe as being divided between East and West by ______.

Accepted Answer

Winston Churchill famously referred to the division of post-World War II Europe as being separated by an "Iron Curtain," a metaphor for the political and ideological divide between the Soviet-dominated Eastern Bloc and the democracies of Western Europe. The Ural Mountains are a physical boundary between Europe and Asia and not a division between East and West Europe. The Velvet Curtain is not a commonly used term in reference to the Cold War division of Europe, and the Berlin Wall was a physical barrier that divided East and West Berlin, but not all of Europe.

Question 4

Which of the following was not one of the sets of agreements that were part of the Helsinki Accords?

Accepted Answer

The Helsinki Accords consisted of agreements on human rights, arms control, and trade. Environmental regulation was not a part of the agreements reached.

Question 5

The ______ level of analysis describes the argument that the Soviet Union behaved aggressively at the start of the Cold War because Soviet society was aggressive.

Accepted Answer

The argument about Soviet Union's behavior being driven by the nature of its society falls under the domestic level of analysis, which examines the internal factors influencing a state's behavior.

Question 6

In 1949, what major event occurred, leading to the escalation of the Cold War?

Accepted Answer

The answer of In 1949, what major event occurred, leading...

Question 7

SEATO was a treaty organization developed during the 1950s that included the United States and all but which of the following countries?

Accepted Answer

Iran was not a member of SEATO.

Question 8

In October 1944, Winston Churchill and Josef Stalin proposed a relative breakdown of how much influence the Soviet Union and the western Allies would have in post-World War II Europe. This is an example of ______.

Accepted Answer

The proposal for a breakdown of influence in Europe reflects the concept of spheres of influence, where different world powers would have control over different regions or countries.

Question 9

Which of the following describes the concept of extended deterrence?

Accepted Answer

Extended deterrence refers to the use of nuclear weapons to deter an attack on the territory of an allied country. It is a way for a nuclear power to extend its deterrent capabilities to other countries that may not have nuclear weapons. This is often seen as a way to provide security for smaller countries that may not have the resources or capability to develop their own nuclear weapons.

Question 10

Which alliance system was led by the Soviet Union and opposed NATO?

Accepted Answer

The Warsaw Pact was an alliance system led by the Soviet Union and opposed NATO. The Helsinki Accords were not an alliance system, but rather an agreement on European security and cooperation. The Baruch Plan and the Potsdam Conference were not alliance systems, but rather proposals and conferences regarding post-World War II issues.

Question 11

The ______ perspective would most likely highlight Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev's New Thinking as leading to the end of the Cold War.

Accepted Answer

The identity perspective focuses on the role of ideas, beliefs, and identities in shaping international relations. Gorbachev's New Thinking, which included ideas of openness and reform, played a significant role in changing the dynamics of the Cold War.

Question 12

Which of the following arguments presents a realist explanation for the start of the Cold War?

Accepted Answer

The argument that the Cold War was a consequence of the security dilemma is a key argument of realism, which emphasizes the role of anarchy in international politics and the resulting incentives for states to pursue security above all else, including at the expense of their rivals.

Question 13

During which meeting did wartime allies attempt to produce agreement on the unification of Germany but ultimately failed?

Accepted Answer

The Potsdam Conference in 1945 was where the wartime allies discussed post-war order, peace treaty issues, and the effects of the war, including the future of Germany, but they failed to reach an agreement on its unification.

Question 14

Which of the following states was not a permanent member of the UN Security Council when the United Nations was founded?

Accepted Answer

Japan was not a permanent member of the UN Security Council when the United Nations was founded in 1945. The five permanent members were the United States, the Soviet Union, Great Britain, France, and China. Japan did not become a member of the UN until 1956.

Question 15

______ weapon is used to destroy industries and cities.

Accepted Answer

Countervalue weapons are designed to target population centers and industrial areas in order to inflict damage on an opponent's economic and societal infrastructure. Counterforce weapons, on the other hand, are intended to target an enemy's military and strategic assets. First-strike and second-strike refer to a nation's ability to launch a nuclear attack before or after an opponent has done so, respectively.

Question 16

What did the policy of rollback entail?

Accepted Answer

The policy of rollback entailed liberating Eastern European countries from Soviet control.

Question 17

What is meant by the term the iron curtain?

Accepted Answer

The term "iron curtain" was popularized by Winston Churchill in 1946 to refer to the political, ideological, and physical separation between the Soviet Union and Western countries during the Cold War. The term was used to describe the perceived division between communist countries in Eastern Europe and non-communist countries in Western Europe, with the Soviet Union acting as a barrier or curtain between the two.

Question 18

In exchange for the removal of Soviet nuclear-capable missiles from Cuba, U.S. President John F. Kennedy agreed to which of the following?

Accepted Answer

In exchange for the removal of Soviet nuclear-capable missiles from Cuba, U.S. President John F. Kennedy agreed to the withdrawal of Jupiter missiles from Turkey and a pledge not to invade Cuba. This agreement was reached in 1962 during the Cuban Missile Crisis. The withdrawal of the Jupiter missiles from Turkey was not made public at the time, as the U.S. did not want to appear weak in the eyes of its NATO allies. However, the removal of these missiles was an important part of the agreement between the U.S. and Soviet Union that helped to defuse the crisis.

Question 19

The ______ level of analysis describes the argument that through interaction, the United States and the Soviet Union came to see each other as enemies, not rivals.

Accepted Answer

The systemic level of analysis focuses on how the structure and dynamics of the international system influenced the behavior of states. The argument that the United States and the Soviet Union came to see each other as enemies, not rivals, is a systemic level of analysis argument because it focuses on the structure of the bipolar international system during the Cold War. The individual level of analysis focuses on the role of individual leaders, while the domestic level of analysis looks at the domestic factors that influence a state's behavior. The foreign policy level of analysis focuses specifically on a state's foreign policy decisions and actions.

Question 20

According to an argument from the realist perspective, how did the Soviet Union interpret the proposed expansion of the Marshall Plan to include Eastern European states?

Accepted Answer

Realists believe that states are motivated by their own self-interest and seek to maximize their power and security. From this perspective, the Soviet Union interpreted the proposed expansion of the Marshall Plan to Eastern European states as a threat to their own security and an attempt by the United States to politically and economically dominate those states. The Soviet Union saw the Marshall Plan as a tool to spread capitalist and democratic values, which they believed were contrary to their own communist ideology.

Quiz 5: The Origins and End of the Cold War