Question 1

This U.S.Supreme Court decision stated, "a compelled physical intrusion beneath (the) skin and into (the) veins to obtain a sample of … blood for use as evidence in a criminal investigation" was "an invasion of bodily integrity."

Accepted Answer

Missouri v. McNeely (2013) held that forcibly taking a blood sample from a drunk driving suspect without a warrant violates the Fourth Amendment's prohibition against unreasonable searches and seizures, emphasizing the need for a case-by-case assessment of exigency.

Question 2

Which constitutional amendment states that "no warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized"?

Accepted Answer

The Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution protects citizens from unreasonable searches and seizures by the government. It requires that warrants be issued only upon a showing of probable cause, and that those warrants describe with particularity the place to be searched and the persons or things to be seized.

Question 3

If evidence is found to be in violation of the exclusionary rule, it must be ____________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of If evidence is found to be in...

Question 4

The Crime Index Offenses Cleared section of the UCR lists the ________.for Index crimes.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The Crime Index Offenses Cleared section of...

Question 5

The amount of force an officer can use when making an arrest is called ___________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The amount of force an officer can...

Question 6

The Miranda ruling set out certain guidelines that the police must follow during interrogation; however, an exception to the Miranda warning allows questions to be asked ______.

Accepted Answer

The exception to the Miranda warning allows questions to be asked to ensure the immediate safety of the public. This exception is commonly known as the "public safety exception." Questions about citizenship, discarded narcotics, or age do not fall under this exception.

Question 7

This case allowed searches, also known as "pat-downs," during field interrogations.

Accepted Answer

Terry v. Ohio established the concept of "stop-and-frisk" allowing law enforcement officers to search individuals based on reasonable suspicion during field interrogations.

Question 8

"Evidence that may lead a reasonable person to believe that a crime has been committed and that a certain person committed it" is the definition of ________.

Accepted Answer

Probable cause is the legal standard by which a police officer has the right to make an arrest, conduct a personal or property search, or obtain a warrant for arrest. It requires that there is enough evidence to lead a reasonable person to believe that a crime has been committed and that a certain individual committed it. It is a lower standard than "beyond a reasonable doubt," which is required for a criminal conviction. "Reasonable suspicion" is a lower standard than probable cause and refers to the belief that a person may be involved in criminal activity based on specific facts and circumstances. "Likely evidence" is not a legal term and does not accurately describe the standard of proof required for probable cause.

Question 9

In _______, the Supreme Court applied the exclusionary rule to state courts.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In _______, the Supreme Court applied the...

Question 10

This national survey is based on a random survey of American homes.

Accepted Answer

The National Crime Victimization Survey is specifically designed to gather information about crime victimization in the United States through a random survey of American homes. The other options listed do not involve the same level of survey.

Question 11

Of all the FBI Index crimes, the one that occurs least each year is _______.

Accepted Answer

Murder is statistically the least occurring crime among the FBI Index crimes when compared to rape, robbery, and felonious assault. This is based on crime data and reports that track and analyze the frequency of these offenses.

Question 12

Of all the FBI Index crimes, the one that occurs most each year is _______.

Accepted Answer

According to the Uniform Crime Report (UCR) by the FBI, theft/larceny is consistently the most reported index crime each year. In 2019, for example, there were an estimated 6,925,677 reported incidents of theft/larceny, compared to 721,885 reported incidents of motor vehicle theft, 1,117,696 reported incidents of burglary, and 821,182 reported incidents of felonious assault.

Question 13

The "third degree" ended as a result of what U.S.Supreme Court decision?

Accepted Answer

The "third degree" refers to the use of brutal and coercive interrogation tactics by police to obtain confessions. In Brown v. Mississippi (1936), the U.S. Supreme Court held that confessions obtained through such methods were inadmissible in court, marking a significant shift away from the use of torture and brutality in police investigations. Terry v. Ohio (1968) established the legal standard for stop-and-frisk searches, Carroll v. United States (1925) addressed the search of vehicles for contraband, and Miranda v. Arizona (1966) required police to inform criminal suspects of their rights before questioning them. While all of these cases had important implications for law enforcement practices, none directly addressed the use of the "third degree." Therefore, the best choice is B, Brown v. Mississippi.

Question 14

This 2014 U.S.Supreme Court decision brought clarity to Georgia v.Randolph and consent searches.

Accepted Answer

Fernandez v. California clarified the Georgia v. Randolph precedent, stating that one resident's objection to a search does not apply if the other resident consents, even if the objecting resident is present at the time. This decision brought clarity to the issue of consent searches and the rights of co-residents.

Question 15

In _______, the U.S.Supreme Court provided guidance to law enforcement officers in assessing how much time they are required to wait prior to making a forcible entry after knocking and announcing their presence and demanding entry in a warrant case.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In _______, the U.S.Supreme Court provided guidance...

Question 16

Which of the following is a violation of the Miranda ruling?

Accepted Answer

Directly questioning the suspect about the crime while in a patrol car and en route to the jail violates the Miranda ruling, as the suspect has not been informed of their right to remain silent and to have an attorney present during questioning. The other options involve recording or informing on suspects after they have been informed of their Miranda rights.

Question 17

The standard of proof that is necessary for police officers to conduct stops and frisks is known as _________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The standard of proof that is necessary...

Question 18

A _________ is the detaining of a person by a law enforcement officer for the purpose of investigation, accompanied by a superficial examination of the person's body surface or clothing to discover weapons, contraband, or other objects relating to criminal activity.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A _________ is the detaining of a...

Question 19

A border search can be made without _______.

Accepted Answer

Border searches are a unique exception to the Fourth Amendment's requirement for probable cause and a warrant. Border officials are allowed to conduct searches without any suspicion or with only minimal suspicion. Therefore, a border search can be made without probable cause, a warrant, or any articulable suspicion.

Question 20

The right to counsel contained within the Miranda ruling applies only when the subject of an interrogation _________.

Accepted Answer

The Miranda ruling applies when the subject of an interrogation is in custody, meaning they are not free to leave and are being held by law enforcement. The other options (accused of a felony crime, deemed indigent, and made an admission of guilt) are not prerequisites for the right to counsel.

Quiz 13: Police and the Law