Question 1

A belief in phylogenic continuity is necessary for developmentalists to

Accepted Answer

A belief in phylogenic continuity, which assumes that development occurs in a continuous and age-related manner across species, is necessary to understand that prenatal experiences can affect adult development. This is because studying the prenatal development of other species can inform our understanding of how human development is affected by factors such as genetics and environment.

Question 2

During prenatal development, the inner cell mass becomes the _____, and the rest of the cells become the support system, including the _____.

Accepted Answer

During prenatal development, the inner cell mass develops into the embryo, while the cells around it become the support system, which includes the amniotic sac and placenta. Therefore, option A is the correct answer. Option B is incorrect because the neural tube is formed from the ectoderm layer of the embryo, which is separate from the inner cell mass. Option C is incorrect because the placenta and amniotic sac are part of the support system, but do not develop into the neural tube. Option D is incorrect because the neural tube and placenta are part of the support system, while the inner cell mass develops into the embryo.

Question 3

Apoptosis refers to

Accepted Answer

Apoptosis refers to programmed cell death, which is a process of cell suicide. This process is important for maintaining the balance of cell growth and division in healthy tissues as well as for removing damaged or infected cells from the body.

Question 4

Preterm infants whose mothers participated in an intervention that included all factors EXCEPT _____ showed fewer behavior problems at age 5 in comparison with mothers who did not receive the intervention.

Accepted Answer

The research did not suggest disciplinary techniques as an important factor in reducing behavior problems in preterm infants, so the intervention likely included all the other factors listed (increasing parental self-confidence, support sessions, teaching about parents' responsiveness).

Question 5

A transparent, fluid-filled membrane that surrounds and protects the fetus is called the

Accepted Answer

The amniotic sac is a membrane that surrounds and protects the developing fetus. It is filled with amniotic fluid, which provides a cushion for the fetus and helps regulate its temperature. The amniotic sac also serves as a barrier to protect the fetus from infections and other external factors.

Question 6

Maya was born at 34 weeks and weighed 4.5 pounds. Remmy was born at 39 weeks and weighed 4.5 pounds. Of these two newborns, who is considered to be small for gestational age?

Accepted Answer

Remmy is considered small for gestational age because they were born at 39 weeks, which is full term, but weighed only 4.5 pounds. Babies born at full term are expected to weigh more than this. Maya, born at 34 weeks and weighing 4.5 pounds, is not considered small for gestational age because her weight is appropriate for her premature birth age.

Question 7

A baby weighing 5 pounds at birth is considered to be

Accepted Answer

A baby weighing 5 pounds (about 2.27 kilograms) at birth is considered to be of low birth weight. This classification is based on the weight of the baby, not necessarily on the gestational age or the baby's size relative to gestational age.

Question 8

The brain and lungs are well enough developed by the _____ week that the fetus has a chance of surviving on its own without medical intervention.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The brain and lungs are well enough...

Question 9

After the implantation of the zygote, as the ball of cells begins to differentiate, the inner cell mass becomes the

Accepted Answer

The inner cell mass, which forms about 5-6 days after fertilization, becomes the embryo. The fetus develops later in pregnancy, after many organs and systems have already formed. The gametes (sperm and egg) already combined to form the zygote at fertilization, and the support system (placenta, umbilical cord, etc.) develops later to nourish and support the developing embryo/fetus.

Question 10

When do most miscarriages occur?

Accepted Answer

Most miscarriages occur before the pregnancy is clinically detectable, often within the first trimester, particularly before the 12th week of pregnancy.

Question 11

Environmental agents that have the potential to cause harm during prenatal development are referred to as

Accepted Answer

The term "teratogens" specifically refers to environmental agents that are capable of causing harm to the developing fetus during prenatal development. The other options, such as illegal drugs, dermatogens, and pollutants, may indeed be teratogens in certain situations, but they are not specific to prenatal development.

Question 12

Researchers have demonstrated that _____ can aid low-birth-weight newborns.

Accepted Answer

Massage has been shown to aid low-birth-weight newborns by promoting weight gain and improving overall health outcomes.

Question 13

In regard to fetal activity and inactivity, fetuses

Accepted Answer

Fetuses have periods of high activity and rest while awake, and they have both active and quiet sleep states. They do not have true sleep states, but their activity levels fluctuate.

Question 14

Which statement about prenatal development of the heart is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

By 4 weeks, the embryonic heart begins to beat and circulate blood, marking an early but critical stage in cardiovascular development.

Question 15

In terms of newborns' ability to learn from auditory stimulation while asleep, research has shown that newborns

Accepted Answer

Research indicates that newborns can learn from auditory stimulation while asleep, partly because their brains remain more connected to external stimuli compared to adult brains. This connectivity allows for learning processes to occur even during sleep.

Question 16

The pair of factors that is common among resilient children is _____ and _____.

Accepted Answer

Responsive care and intelligence have been found to be two factors that are commonly found among resilient children. Responsive care refers to the consistent, nurturing care provided by caregivers, while intelligence refers to cognitive abilities and problem-solving skills. Together, these factors can help children overcome adversity and thrive even in challenging situations.

Question 17

Quiet sleep, active awake, alert awake, and drowsing are examples of

Accepted Answer

Quiet sleep, active awake, alert awake, and drowsing are all examples of the four behavioral states experienced by newborn infants.

Question 18

A fertilized egg is termed a(n)

Accepted Answer

A fertilized egg is also known as a zygote, which is formed when a sperm cell fuses with an egg cell during fertilization. The zygote then begins to divide and develop into an embryo. A fetus is a more developed stage of the embryo, typically after 8 weeks of gestation. A gamete refers to a reproductive cell, such as a sperm or egg, before fertilization occurs.

Question 19

Habituation involves a(n) _____ heart rate response.

Accepted Answer

Habituation involves a decreased heart rate response, as individuals become accustomed to a repeated stimulus and their physiological response to it decreases.

Question 20

At the end of her pregnancy, Joshua's mother's diet included a lot of ginger. It is MOST likely that newborn Joshua will

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that flavors from the mother's diet can be transmitted to the amniotic fluid and breast milk, allowing the fetus and newborn to experience these flavors. This early exposure can lead to preferences for these flavors that last into infancy and beyond, indicating that Joshua could remember the smell and taste of ginger well into his first year.

Quiz 2: Prenatal Development and the Newborn Period