Question 1

Jacob's dad often teaches his son how to make minor car repairs. According to social cognitive theory, this is an example of

Accepted Answer

Tuition refers to the process of teaching or instructing someone directly, which is what Jacob's dad is doing by teaching him how to make car repairs.

Question 2

Persons who do not identify exclusively with one gender category are termed

Accepted Answer

Genderqueer is a term used for individuals who do not subscribe to conventional gender distinctions and may identify with both, neither, or a combination of male and female genders.

Question 3

Individuals who identify with their gender assigned at birth are considered

Accepted Answer

Individuals who identify with the gender they were assigned at birth are considered cisgender. Gender dysphoria is a condition where an individual experiences distress due to a mismatch between their gender identity and the gender they were assigned at birth. Transgender individuals identify with a gender other than the one they were assigned at birth. Androgynous individuals express a combination of masculine and feminine traits, regardless of their gender identity.

Question 4

Some researchers who take a neuroscience approach to gender differences argue that those differences stem from different

Accepted Answer

Researchers who take a neuroscience approach to gender differences argue that differences in levels of androgens, particularly testosterone, may play a role in gender differences. Testosterone has been linked to spatial abilities, aggression, and interest in traditionally masculine activities.

Question 5

What type of force does NOT contribute to gender segregation?

Accepted Answer

Heritability refers to the extent to which differences in a trait are due to genetics, and therefore does not contribute to gender segregation. Social, cognitive, and temperamental forces can all contribute to gender segregation.

Question 6

A sense of belonging to one's gender ingroup is termed

Accepted Answer

Felt gender typicality refers to the sense of belonging and feeling typical of one's gender ingroup. Collaboration refers to working together towards a common goal. Gender schema refers to mental frameworks for understanding one's gender and associated traits. Gender typing refers to the process of acquiring gender-related knowledge and behaviors.

Question 7

_____ is more likely among girls than among boys during adolescence.

Accepted Answer

During adolescence, girls are more likely than boys to show gender-role flexibility, which means they are more open to adopting behaviors and attitudes that are traditionally associated with both their own gender and the opposite gender. This contrasts with gender-role intensification, which is an increased adherence to traditional gender roles, often observed during early adolescence but not necessarily more common in girls than in boys.

Question 8

Which scenario is an example of enactive experience?

Accepted Answer

Enactive experience involves learning through the outcomes of one's actions and observing the consequences, as in Tristan noticing the different reactions from his teacher based on his own behavior.

Question 9

Amanda was born a biological female and identifies as female. She is

Accepted Answer

Amanda identifies as the gender that she was assigned at birth, which is female. This means that she is comfortable with her gender identity matching her biological sex, which makes her cisgender.

Question 10

Which factor was NOT found by Brown and Bigler to affect whether children recognize gender discrimination?

Accepted Answer

Brown and Bigler's research did not identify the degree to which a child's behavior conforms to gender stereotypes (how gender-typed their own behavior is) as a factor affecting their ability to recognize gender discrimination. Their work focused more on cognitive and social processes, such as understanding stereotypes, making social comparisons, and having a moral understanding of fairness.

Question 11

When researchers asked adults to watch a video of two children whose gender they could not identify and then to rate the children's level of aggression, the adults who believed that _____ rated the children as least aggressive.

Accepted Answer

The answer of When researchers asked adults to watch a...

Question 12

The gap in the sports-related skills of boys and girls becomes substantial when they are in

Accepted Answer

The answer of The gap in the sports-related skills of...

Question 13

Activating influences of androgens on the nervous system occur when

Accepted Answer

Activating influences of androgens on the nervous system occur when fluctuations in sex-linked hormones influence brain and behavioral responses, as these hormones can modulate neural activity and behavior in response to changing levels.

Question 14

The active process during development whereby children's cognitions lead them to perceive the world and to act in accord with their expectations and beliefs is referred to as

Accepted Answer

The active process during development in which children's cognitions lead them to perceive the world and to act in accord with their expectations and beliefs is referred to as self-socialization. In this process, children use their cognitive abilities to actively construct their own understanding of the world around them, rather than simply being passive recipients of external influences. Gender schema filter, interest filter, and gender typing refer to specific aspects of self-socialization, rather than the overarching process itself.

Question 15

Which theory is particularly useful when interpreting variations across societies in women's and men's relative status and power?

Accepted Answer

The bioecological model is particularly useful when interpreting variations across societies in women's and men's relative status and power because it takes into account the influence of multiple levels of the environment, from the individual to the societal.

Question 16

For some adolescents, advances in cognitive development enable them to experience

Accepted Answer

As adolescents' cognitive development advances, they become better able to understand and critically evaluate cultural gender norms and stereotypes. This cognitive flexibility can lead to greater willingness to reject traditional gender roles and explore different gender expressions, resulting in greater gender-role flexibility.

Question 17

When a person identifies with both feminine and masculine gender categories, they are

Accepted Answer

A person who identifies with both feminine and masculine gender categories is considered bigender. This means they identify as two distinct gender identities and may experience them simultaneously or switch between them over time.

Question 18

Gender schema theory proposes that gender differences have to do with children's tendency to

Accepted Answer

Gender schema theory proposes that children develop a mental framework (or schema) for understanding gender roles and expectations. This framework is primarily based on the child's own gender, and they gather information about what is appropriate for their own sex to the detriment of the opposite sex. This explains why children may be more likely to play with toys or engage in activities that are typically associated with their own gender, and may even reject those associated with the opposite gender.

Question 19

Which list places Kohlberg's stages in the CORRECT developmental sequence?

Accepted Answer

Kohlberg's stages of gender development follow the sequence of gender identity, gender stability, and finally gender constancy. Option C is the only one that correctly lists the stages in this order, making it the best choice.

Question 20

Which statement about males' and females' ability on spatial tasks is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

There is no conclusive evidence that suggests that either gender is superior when it comes to visual-spatial processing tasks. Rather, the research demonstrates that males and females tend to excel in different areas of spatial ability, and their performance depends on the particular type of spatial ability being measured. For instance, males tend to do better on tasks that require mental manipulation and distance judgments, while females tend to perform better on tasks that involve perceptual speed and spatial memory.

Quiz 15: Gender Development