Question 1

Of types of stimuli that elicit particular emotional responses, frequency of particular emotions, and intensity of emotional responses, which change during childhood?

Accepted Answer

All three factors (types of stimuli, frequency of particular emotions, and intensity of emotional responses) are known to change during childhood. As children develop and experience different situations, they may respond differently to similar stimuli, experience a wider range of emotions, and express these emotions with varying degrees of intensity.

Question 2

In this procedure, mothers and their infants are brought into a laboratory where the infants are strapped in a highchair. The mother is then seated 1.5 feet away from the infant, from which position she can interact with her infant.

Accepted Answer

This procedure is known as the Still-Face Paradigm, which is often used to study infant-parent interaction and attachment.

Question 3

Children who are impulsive seem to have more problems and are less sympathetic to others if they are exposed to all of these parenting practices EXCEPT _____ parenting.

Accepted Answer

Supportive parenting has been found to promote self-control and empathy in impulsive children. Hostile, intrusive, and negative parenting practices tend to exacerbate impulsivity and reduce empathy.

Question 4

The degree to which an individual's temperament is compatible with the demands and expectations of his or her social environment is called

Accepted Answer

Goodness of fit refers to the degree to which an individual's temperament is compatible with the demands and expectations of his or her social environment. It is important for children's socioemotional development and can affect their behavior, emotions, and ability to form positive relationships with others. Co-regulation, emotion coaching, and differential susceptibility are related concepts but do not specifically refer to the compatibility between a person's temperament and their social environment.

Question 5

The ability of preschoolers to delay gratification has NOT been found to be associated with

Accepted Answer

The ability of preschoolers to delay gratification has not been found to be associated with clear learning experiences. However, it has been found to be associated with academic competence, ability to deal with frustration, and decreased drug use in adulthood.

Question 6

Which of these provides the MOST important context for issues related to goodness of fit?

Accepted Answer

Family provides the most crucial context for issues related to goodness of fit because it is the primary environment where children develop their initial behaviors, values, and attitudes, influencing how well they adapt or fit into other social contexts.

Question 7

_____ is considered to be part of emotional intelligence.

Accepted Answer

The ability to control impulses is a key aspect of emotional intelligence, as it involves regulating one's own behavior and reacting appropriately to different emotional situations. Processing speed, reasoning, and verbal fluency may be important skills, but they are not considered specific components of emotional intelligence.

Question 8

A social group's informal norms about the demonstration of emotion and when and where they should be suppressed or masked are referred to as

Accepted Answer

Display rules are social norms that dictate how, when, and where emotions should be expressed or suppressed in different social situations. These rules vary across different cultures and social groups and have a significant impact on how individuals regulate their emotions in social contexts.

Question 9

Researchers have found that children whose parents use emotion coaching demonstrate all of these EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that children who receive emotion coaching from their parents tend to have greater social competence, empathy, and less depression. However, they do not exhibit more problem behaviors. Therefore, option D is incorrect.

Question 10

Many cultural variations in children's experiences of self-conscious emotions appear to be associated with cultural differences in the

Accepted Answer

Self-conscious emotions such as shame, guilt, and embarrassment are closely related to cultural values and beliefs about the self and the social group. In Western cultures that emphasize individualism, children may be more likely to experience guilt than shame, which is more common in collectivist cultures that prioritize the group over the individual. Individualistic cultures encourage children to take responsibility for their actions and to view themselves as distinct from others, which can lead to greater chances of feeling guilt. Collectivistic cultures, in contrast, emphasize the importance of maintaining social harmony and avoiding dishonor, which can lead to higher levels of shame. Thus, cultural differences in self-conscious emotions appear to be associated with differences in the importance placed on individual versus social group values.

Question 11

When infants realize they can control a particular event, they experience

Accepted Answer

When infants realize they can control a particular event, they experience happiness. This is because they are experiencing a sense of agency and mastery over their environment. It gives them a sense of accomplishment and boosts their confidence.

Question 12

The aspect of emotional understanding that develops LATEST is understanding

Accepted Answer

Emotional understanding of ambivalence requires recognition and acceptance of conflicting emotions, which can be more complex than understanding the difference between basic emotions such as fear and anger. Therefore, understanding of emotional ambivalence tends to develop later than other emotional skills.

Question 13

Research conducted by Halberstadt and colleagues found that when _____ is expressed in the home, children tend to report higher levels of _____.

Accepted Answer

The research conducted by Halberstadt and colleagues found that when happiness is expressed in the home, children tend to report higher levels of happiness.

Question 14

Children who exhibit _____ are LEAST likely to be socially competent.

Accepted Answer

Avoidance of stressful situations altogether may lead to a lack of experience in handling social situations, making it difficult for children to develop social competency.

Question 15

Twin and adoption studies have demonstrated that

Accepted Answer

Twin and adoption studies have shown that genes account for a significant portion of variation in some aspects of temperament. This suggests that temperament is not entirely determined by genetics, but rather a complex interplay between nature and nurture.

Question 16

Children who receive _____ from their parents tend to display better emotional understand compared to children who do not.

Accepted Answer

Emotion coaching is a parenting style where parents help their children to understand and regulate their emotions. This involves acknowledging and validating their emotions, helping them identify the cause of their emotions, teaching problem-solving skills, and setting appropriate limits. Children who receive emotion coaching from their parents tend to display better emotional understanding, empathy, and self-regulation compared to children who do not. Self-distraction and social competence are not directly related to emotional understanding, while co-regulation may contribute but is not as specific an answer as emotion coaching.

Question 17

Which factor is NOT a physical or cognitive symptom of depression?

Accepted Answer

All the other options (difficulties sleeping, significant changes in weight, inability to concentrate) are physical or cognitive symptoms that can occur with depression. Irritability is a common emotional symptom, but not classified as physical or cognitive.

Question 18

Roger, who is 10 months old, is sitting on the floor of his room happily playing with his toys. The phone rings, and his mother leaves the room to get it. Roger begins to cry. Roger is experiencing

Accepted Answer

Roger's crying when his mother leaves the room is likely due to separation anxiety, which is common in infants around 9-18 months old. This is the fear or distress that occurs when a child is separated from their primary caregiver. The fact that Roger is happy playing with his toys before his mother leaves suggests that he is not experiencing fear of strangers or loneliness. Jealousy also does not seem to be a relevant factor in this scenario.

Question 19

_____ is NOT considered to be part of emotional intelligence.

Accepted Answer

Verbal fluency is not considered to be a part of emotional intelligence. Emotional intelligence is generally thought to involve abilities such as recognizing and responding appropriately to others' emotions, regulating one's own emotions, and showing empathy. Verbal fluency, while a valuable skill, does not necessarily relate directly to emotional intelligence.

Question 20

Recent theorists have proposed that infant temperament is captured by several dimensions. Which item is NOT one of those dimensions?

Accepted Answer

Difficulty level is not recognized as a dimension of infant temperament by recent theorists. Instead, dimensions typically include fear, activity level, and smiling/laughter among others, focusing on observable behaviors and emotional responses.

Quiz 10: Emotional Development