At the college he attends, Marcus continually runs up against racial barriers and a sense that he is judged as being less valuable because he is Black. There seem to be rules and regulations at the college that favor White students (as well as Asian students) but that limit the leadership possibilities for Black students. These institutionalized barriers are an example of what social psychologists call

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System power refers to the ways in which institutions (such as colleges) can create and perpetuate inequalities through rules and regulations that may privilege some groups while limiting opportunities for others. In this case, the institutionalized barriers that Marcus faces suggest that there are structural factors at play that may disadvantage Black students compared to their White and Asian counterparts. This is an example of system power and institutionalized racism.

At the College He Attends, Marcus Continually Runs Up Against