Which two American genres gave rise to film noir?

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Film noir is a cinematic term used primarily to describe stylish Hollywood crime dramas, particularly those that emphasize cynical attitudes and sexual motivations. The origins of film noir can be traced back to the gangster films of the 1930s as well as to the hard-boiled pulp fiction that emerged in the early 20th century, both of which featured morally ambiguous characters, gritty urban settings, and complex narratives that film noir would later adopt and refine.

Which Two American Genres Gave Rise to Film Noir