Will Said to His Division Manager, "Ray, If We Win

Will said to his division manager, "Ray, if we win the Jones contract next year, my business unit will contribute a profit of $1.5 million to your division. But, the odds of us winning the contract are very, very small, so my annual plan should assume a profit of $0.8 million, which is still a record high number for us. That is much more realistic, but still challenging." "Great," said Ray, "I'll put you down for $1.5 million." Will left the meeting, frustrated that Ray appeared to ignore him. Ray was guilty of

A) encrypting.
B) filtering.
C) encoding.
D) bootlegging.
E) stereotyping.