Question 1

Which of the following is an approach to minimizing the impact of software errors by independently implementing the same set of user requirements N times, where N could be 2, 3, 4, or more?
A)Acceptance programming
B)Risk management programming
C)N-version programming
D)Avoidance programming

Accepted Answer

N-version programming involves independent implementation of the same set of user requirements multiple times, potentially reducing the likelihood of errors in the software. Acceptance programming and risk management programming are not approaches specifically aimed at minimizing the impact of software errors, and avoidance programming is not a commonly used approach in software development.

Question 2

The safety engineer uses a logging and monitoring system to track which of the following?
A)standards
B)objectives
C)hazards
D)deliverables

Accepted Answer

The safety engineer uses a logging and monitoring system to track hazards in order to identify and mitigate potential risks in the workplace. Standards, objectives, and deliverables are typically monitored by project managers or other roles within an organization.

Question 3

In the context of development of safety critical systems, if an undesirable event has a ten percent probability of occurring and a potential cost of $50,000, then the risk can be calculated as which of the following?
A)$5000
B)$7000
C)$2500
D)$9500

Accepted Answer

Risk is calculated as the probability of an event occurring multiplied by the potential cost of the event. Therefore, a 10% probability (or 0.1 as a decimal) times $50,000 equals $5,000.

Question 4

Which of the following terms is defined as the potential of gaining or losing something of value?
A)Risk
B)Redundancy
C)Liability
D)Certainty

Accepted Answer

Risk is defined as the potential of gaining or losing something of value. Redundancy refers to having excess or unnecessary resources or components. Liability refers to being responsible for something, such as a debt or legal obligation. Certainty refers to the state of being sure or certain about something.

Question 5

At which of the Capability Maturity Model Integration maturity levels, are processes well defined, understood, and consistent across the organization?
A)Initial
B)Managed
C)Defined
D)Quantitatively managed

Accepted Answer

At maturity level 3, Defined, processes are well defined, understood, and consistent across the organization. At this level, processes are proactive and documented, and they are followed by the organization's personnel. This ensures that the processes can be repeated consistently, leading to successful outcomes.

Question 6

What are the standards that the warranty of merchantability requires to be met?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What are the standards that the warranty...

Question 7

Which term refers to methods within the development process that guarantee reliable operation of the product?
A)Quality assurance
B)Software development methodology
C)Documentation
D)Software project management

Accepted Answer

Quality assurance refers to the methods and processes within the development process that ensure the product meets the necessary quality standards and functions reliably.

Question 8

A complex system used in IT is a redundant array of independent disks (RAID), which is commonly used in which type of file servers?
A)high-volume data storage
B)low-volume data storage
C)unpredictable-volume data storage
D)irregular-volume data storage

Accepted Answer

RAID is commonly used in high-volume data storage file servers to provide data redundancy and improve data access performance. It allows multiple disks to be combined into a single logical unit, providing fault tolerance and performance improvements.

Question 9

Discuss intentional misrepresentation.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Discuss intentional misrepresentation....

Question 10

Define reliability.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Define reliability....

Question 11

What type of programming is commonly found in airplane and spacecraft control systems?
A)Structured programming
B)Triple version programming
C)Object programming
D)Root programming

Accepted Answer

Triple version programming is often used in critical systems like airplane and spacecraft control systems to ensure reliability and safety. This approach involves running three independent versions of software simultaneously and comparing their outputs to detect and handle errors.

Question 12

Which of the following is true of the International Organization for Standardization?
A)It is an American organization founded in 2001.
B)The ISO 9000:2007 provides a set of standardized requirements for a quality management system.
C)It issued the 9000 series of business standards in 1987.
D)It is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies from 161 countries.

Accepted Answer

The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies from 161 countries. Option A is incorrect as the ISO is not an American organization, it is headquartered in Switzerland. Option B is partially correct as ISO 9000 does provide a set of standardized requirements for a quality management system, but ISO 9000:2007 is not the only version of this standard. Option C is incorrect as the 9000 series of business standards was actually issued in 1987.

Question 13

After an organization decides to adopt which of the following, it must conduct an assessment of its software development practices to determine where they fit in the capability model?
A)QA
B)software development methodology
C)software quality management
D)CMMI-DEV

Accepted Answer

CMMI-DEV (Capability Maturity Model Integration for Development) is a model that provides a framework for assessing the maturity of an organization's software development practices. Once an organization decides to adopt CMMI-DEV, it must conduct an assessment to determine where its practices fit within the model's five maturity levels. Choices A, B, and C are related to software development practices, but they do not specifically require an assessment of the organization's maturity level.

Question 14

An important technique used to develop ISO 9001-compliant quality systems by both evaluating reliability and determining the effects of system and equipment failures is which of the following?
A)DO-178B/EUROCCAE ED-128
B)N-version programming
C)Failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA)
D)Capability Maturity Model Integration (CMMI)

Accepted Answer

Failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) is a technique used to evaluate the reliability of systems and equipment and determine the effects of potential failures. This is a common tool used to develop ISO 9001-compliant quality systems. DO-178B/EUROCAE ED-128 is a set of guidelines for developing software used in airborne systems, N-version programming is a technique to improve software reliability by using multiple versions developed independently, and Capability Maturity Model Integration (CMMI) is a model used to improve process maturity in software development. While these may be useful techniques in their own right, they are not directly related to developing ISO 9001-compliant quality systems through reliability and failure analysis.

Question 15

What form of testing involves viewing the software unit as a device that has expected input and output behaviors but whose internal workings are unknown?
A)Integration testing
B)Black-box testing
C)User acceptance testing
D)Static testing

Accepted Answer

Black-box testing involves testing the software unit based on its expected input and output behaviors without any knowledge of the internal workings of the unit. It is often used to test the functionality of the unit from a user's perspective.

Question 16

After successful unit testing, the subsystems are combined to test the entire system as a complete entity using what form of testing?
A)system testing
B)black-box testing
C)integration testing
D)static testing

Accepted Answer

Integration testing involves combining individual subsystems or modules and testing them as a group to ensure that they work together as expected. It is done after successful unit testing and before system testing. Therefore, C is the best choice as it accurately describes the testing methodology being used. A is incorrect because system testing is done after integration testing to test the entire system. B is incorrect because black-box testing is a testing technique that focuses on testing the functionality of the system without knowing the internal workings of the system, which is not necessarily related to testing subsystems. D is incorrect because static testing refers to the process of reviewing and analyzing code, which is not directly related to testing subsystems.

Question 17

Define the five maturity levels of CMMI.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Define the five maturity levels of CMMI....

Question 18

Discuss the failure of safety-critical software systems through an example.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Discuss the failure of safety-critical software systems...

Question 19

Which family of standards serves many industries and organizations as a guide to quality products, services, and management?
A)ISO 7498-4
B)ISO 9595/DAM 1
C)ISO 9596
D)ISO 9001

Accepted Answer

ISO 9001 is the family of standards that serves many industries and organizations as a guide to quality products, services, and management. It provides a framework for organizations to establish and maintain a quality management system, ensuring that they consistently meet customer and regulatory requirements.

Question 20

One approach to quality assurance is to test the code for a completed unit of software by actually entering test data and comparing the results with the expected results in a process known as which of the following?
A)dynamic testing
B)user acceptance testing
C)integration testing
D)static testing

Accepted Answer

Dynamic testing involves running the software with test data and observing the actual results to ensure they match the expected results. This approach is commonly used to test individual units of code or small sections of the software. User acceptance testing involves having end-users test the software to ensure it meets their needs and requirements, usually before release. Integration testing involves testing how different components of the software work together as a whole. Static testing involves reviewing the code without actually running it, looking for errors or potential issues.

Quiz 7: Ethical Decisions in Software Development

Which of the following is an approach to minimizing the impact of software errors by independently implementing the same set of user requirements N times, where N could be 2, 3, 4, or more?

The safety engineer uses a logging and monitoring system to track which of the following?

In the context of development of safety critical systems, if an undesirable event has a ten percent probability of occurring and a potential cost of $50,000, then the risk can be calculated as which of the following?

Which of the following terms is defined as the potential of gaining or losing something of value?

At which of the Capability Maturity Model Integration maturity levels, are processes well defined, understood, and consistent across the organization?

What are the standards that the warranty of merchantability requires to be met?

Which term refers to methods within the development process that guarantee reliable operation of the product?

A complex system used in IT is a redundant array of independent disks (RAID) , which is commonly used in which type of file servers?

Discuss intentional misrepresentation.

Define reliability.

What type of programming is commonly found in airplane and spacecraft control systems?

Which of the following is true of the International Organization for Standardization?

After an organization decides to adopt which of the following, it must conduct an assessment of its software development practices to determine where they fit in the capability model?

An important technique used to develop ISO 9001-compliant quality systems by both evaluating reliability and determining the effects of system and equipment failures is which of the following?

What form of testing involves viewing the software unit as a device that has expected input and output behaviors but whose internal workings are unknown?

After successful unit testing, the subsystems are combined to test the entire system as a complete entity using what form of testing?

Define the five maturity levels of CMMI.

Discuss the failure of safety-critical software systems through an example.

Which family of standards serves many industries and organizations as a guide to quality products, services, and management?

One approach to quality assurance is to test the code for a completed unit of software by actually entering test data and comparing the results with the expected results in a process known as which of the following?